BackgroundObesity leads to a chronic inflammatory state, endothelial dysfunction and hypertension.ObjectiveTo establish the time-course of events regarding inflammatory markers, endothelial dysfunction, systolic blood pressure (SBP) in obesity in only one experimental model.MethodsWe fed male Wistar rats (eight-week age) with a standard diet (Control - CT, n = 35), or palatable high-fat diet (HFD, n = 35) for 24 weeks. Every six weeks, 7 animals from each group were randomly selected for euthanasia. SBP and serum levels of interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, C-reactive protein, adiponectin and nitric oxide were determined. Endothelial and vascular smooth muscle functions were determined in dissected aorta and lipid peroxidation was measured. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.ResultsLevels of pro-inflammatory cytokines began to increase after six weeks of a high-fat diet, while those of the anti-inflammatory cytokine adiponectin decreased. Interestingly, the endothelial function and serum nitric oxide began to decrease after six weeks in HFD group. The SBP and lipid peroxidation began to increase at 12 weeks in HFD group. In addition, we showed that total visceral fat mass was negatively correlated with endothelial function and positively correlated with SBP.ConclusionOur results show the time-course of deleterious effects and their correlation with obesity.
The present study investigated the effects of aerobic physical training on the femoral morphological, densitometric and biomechanical properties in growing male rats subjected to protein-based malnutrition. Four-week-old male Wistar rats were randomized into groups of 10 animals: Control Sedentary (CS), Control Trained (CT), Malnourished Sedentary (MS) and Malnourished Trained (MT). Control and malnourished animals received diets with 12% protein and 6% protein, respectively. The trained groups were submitted to a treadmill running program for 8 weeks. Total proteins and albumin were analyzed in the animals' blood plasma. Histological, densitometric and biomechanical analyzes were performed on the animals' femur. Body mass gain, physical performance, biochemical markers and the femoral morphological, densitometric and biomechanical properties were determined. Exercise tolerance increased in trained groups. Malnourished animals exhibited lower serum protein and albumin levels than controls. Porosity and HIGHLIGHTS Malnutrition damages the biomechanical and densitometric properties of the femur. Aerobic exercise reduces maximum femoral load until fracture in malnutrition. Aerobic exercise increases the damage to BMC and BMD established by malnutrition. 2 Miranda, D.C.; et al.
Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a disease manifested by chronic hyperglycemia resulting from changes in the secretion and / or action of insulin, which can cause tissue damage. The practice of physical exercise is often recommended in the treatment of this disease because it improves glucose uptake due to increased insulin sensitivity. Objective: to evaluate the effect of Corrective Postural Training (TCP®) on the glycemic metabolism of patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: Twenty-one women between 44 and 55 years old were divided into four groups: sedentary diabetics (SD); exercised diabetics (ED); non-diabetic exercised (NE); and non-diabetic sedentary (NS). TCP® was performed 3 times / week, for 1 hour / day, for a period of 20 weeks. Blood samples were collected pre- and post-intervention to determine cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, fasting glycemia, glycated hemoglobin, estimated mean glycemia and cortisol. The Wilcoxon and Friedman tests were used to compare the results before and after intervention. Results: there was no significant difference in the anthropometric, biochemical and hormonal variables of all groups; however, glycated hemoglobin showed a significant difference (p <0.05) in the ED group after 20 weeks. Important intragroup clinical changes were observed with return to the reference values of some of the analyzed parameters. Conclusion: The TCP® method may have contributed to the improvement of plasma levels of glycated hemoglobin in the ED group in addition to the clinical improvement of patients.
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