Endothelial Dysfunction and Inflammation Precedes Elevations in Blood Pressure Induced by a High-Fat Diet

Abstract

BackgroundObesity leads to a chronic inflammatory state, endothelial dysfunction and hypertension.ObjectiveTo establish the time-course of events regarding inflammatory markers, endothelial dysfunction, systolic blood pressure (SBP) in obesity in only one experimental model.MethodsWe fed male Wistar rats (eight-week age) with a standard diet (Control - CT, n = 35), or palatable high-fat diet (HFD, n = 35) for 24 weeks. Every six weeks, 7 animals from each group were randomly selected for euthanasia. SBP and serum levels of interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, C-reactive protein, adiponectin and nitric oxide were determined. Endothelial and vascular smooth muscle functions were determined in dissected aorta and lipid peroxidation was measured. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.ResultsLevels of pro-inflammatory cytokines began to increase after six weeks of a high-fat diet, while those of the anti-inflammatory cytokine adiponectin decreased. Interestingly, the endothelial function and serum nitric oxide began to decrease after six weeks in HFD group. The SBP and lipid peroxidation began to increase at 12 weeks in HFD group. In addition, we showed that total visceral fat mass was negatively correlated with endothelial function and positively correlated with SBP.ConclusionOur results show the time-course of deleterious effects and their correlation with obesity.

Ameliorative effects of ark clams (Scapharca subcrenata and Tegillarca granosa) on endothelial dysfunction induced by a high-fat diet

“…1a, the HF group showed a significant decrease in endothelium-dependent relaxation induced by Ach, as compared to the control group. Consistent with our results, previous studies have reported that HF impairs vasorelaxation response to Ach in the rat aorta [14]. The AS supplement significantly increased endothelium-dependent relaxation in the HF diet-fed rat.…”

“…Previous studies have reported that HF causes obesity and leads to endothelial dysfunction [14]. To investigate the potential effects of AS on endothelial dysfunction, arterial segments were collected, and vascular reactivity was determined.…”

“…The chronic high-fat (HF) diet induces endothelial dysfunction and insulin resistance leads to cardiovascular diseases and diabetes [14,15]. The HF diet has been widely used for assessing the preventive effect of foods on endothelial dysfunction and insulin resistance [16,17].…”

Adiponectin as novel biomarker of endothelial dysfunction in insulin resistance and obesity – a narrative review

“…The above-described properties of adiponectin were proved in both experimental and clinical studies [17,[48][49][50]. Ortiz Segura MDC et al indicated that the adiponectin concentrations were lower and soluble ICAM-1 levels as markers of endothelium dysfunction were increased in Mexican obese adolescents with insulin resistance compared to those without insulin resistance and in the controls [17].…”

“…Ortiz Segura MDC et al indicated that the adiponectin concentrations were lower and soluble ICAM-1 levels as markers of endothelium dysfunction were increased in Mexican obese adolescents with insulin resistance compared to those without insulin resistance and in the controls [17]. The results of the research conducted on rat models revealed that the implementation of a high-fat diet leads to continuously increasing of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and decreasing of anti-inflammatory adiponectin levels with the first effects observed after six weeks, while NO levels were decreased at six weeks and lipid peroxidation increased in twelve weeks, which in consequence induced an increase in systolic blood pressure [48]. Similar observations were found in adiponectin-deficient mice which developed enhanced salt-or atherogenic diet-induced hypertension due to disturbances in the endothelial cell function [49,50].…”