The species Helicoverpa armigera is one of the most important polyphagous and widely distributed pests in the world. Its occurrence was recently reported on soybean and cotton, in the states of Goiás, Mato Grosso and Bahia, Brazil. Tomato is also host species of H. armigera, among the 200 registered, being one of the most important crops in the Espírito Santo state. The production of tomatoes is fully dedicated for fresh consumption and the damage caused by H. armigera in fruits make unfeasible marketing. Therefore, this study aimed to record the occurrence of H. armigera in tomato crop in the Espírito Santo state. From February 2012 to October 2013, insects were collected from tomato plants in some producing areas. After insect identification, by dissection of the genitalia of adult moths, it was possible to confirm the occurrence of H. armigera on tomato crop in the Espírito Santo state.

In this study, the effect of temperature on the growth of the European pepper moth, Duponchelia fovealis (Zeller), was assessed at five constant temperatures (18, 21, 24, 27 and 30 °C). The European pepper moth was observed to complete its developmental stages (from egg to adult) at all the temperatures evaluated. From the results, it was evident that temperature affected the rate and development time of all the growth stages, to a significant degree. The length in time of the embryonic, larval, pupal and total (egg-adult) stages was observed to drop as the temperature rose from 18 to 24 °C, but remained constant between 27 and 30 °C. The developmental time in the pre-pupal stage dropped between 18 and 30 °C. The European pepper moth takes 454 degree-days to complete development at 11.7 °C temperature threshold. The D. fovealis survival was thus inversely proportional to temperature over range of 18 to 30 °C. On assessing the number of annual generations for the five largest strawberry-producing municipalities in Espírito Santo State, an average of 5.5 generations per year was estimated. This is a first report of temperature on D. fovealis development.

Adparaproba gabrieli Carvalho is a phytophagous neotropical bug with a restricted distribution to southeast Brazil. The histology of the digestive system and that of the male and female reproductive tracts of A. gabrieli was studied. We found that the male had a pair of testes with two follicles per testis, two short vasa defentia that joined in a muscular ejaculatory duct with two pairs of well-developed accessory glands. The female has a meroistic telotrophic ovary with three ovarioles per ovary. There is a pair of sac-like salivary glands. The digestive tract, after the pharynx, has a long, thin oesophagus ending in a muscular proventriculus. The transition fore-midgut is marked by a stomodeal valve, and the midgut is the main organ with an anterior portion with columnar cells and an posterior one with flattened cells. The hindgut is short and differentiated in the ileum and rectum. The Malpighian tubules are also described and the phytophagous feeding habit of A. gabrieli is discussed.

RESUMO Este trabalho apresenta a diversidade de espécies de tefritídeos, seus parasitoides e hospedeiros em Viçosa-MG, localizada na Zona da Mata Mineira. Armadilhas tipo McPhail, contendo proteína hidrolisada, foram instaladas em pomares com espécies diversificadas e em uma reserva natural, remanescente da Mata Atlântica. Além disso foram feitas coletas periódicas de frutos cultivados na região. Foram obtidas 16 espécies de tefritídeos: Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), Anastrepha bezzi Lima, A. bistrigata Bezzi, A. dissimilis Stone, A. distincta Greene, A. fraterculus (Wiedemann), A. furcata Lima, A. grandis (Macquart), A. manihoti Lima, A. minensis Lima, A. montei Lima, A. obliqua (Macquart), A. pseudoparallela (Loew), A. pickeli Lima, A. serpentina (Wiedemann) e A. sororcula Zucchi. Destas, apenas C. capitata, A. fraterculus e A. sororcula tinham sido constatadas em Viçosa. A. furcata é registrada pela primeira vez em Minas Gerais. Das 15 espécies frutíferas de seis famílias botânicas amostradas, obtiveram-se C. capitata, A. fraterculus, A. obliqua e A. sororcula e os parasitóides Doryctobracon areolatus (Szépligeti), D. brasiliensis (Szépligeti), Opius bellus Gahan e Utetes anastrephae (Viereck) (Braconidae) e Aganaspis pelleranoi (Brèthes) (Figitidae), além de quatro espécimes da família Pteromalidae, tratando-se de registros inéditos de parasitóides em Viçosa e de O. bellus em Minas Gerais.

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-The objective of this work was to determine the ideal number for field release of Trichogramma galloi and T. pretiosum for controlling Duponchelia fovealis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa). The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, where the strawberry cultivar 'Oso Grande' was infected with 100 eggs of D. fovealis distributed on the leaf surface area of each plant. A total of 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, and 128 female parasitoids were released per egg of D. fovealis. The greatest level of egg parasitism, with no differences for the species of Trichogramma, was observed at the densities of four and eight parasitoids per egg of D. fovealis, considered ideal for field release. Duponchelia fovealis Zeller (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), popularly known in Brazil as the strawberry caterpillar (Paes et al., 2015), is a polyphagous pest with several reported botanical species as hosts (Bonsignore & Vacante, 2010;Franco & Baptista, 2010). Recently introduced in Brazil, D. fovealis has been establishing itself in strawberry fields (Fragaria x ananassa), causing large losses (Zawadneak et al., 2016).Biological control by the release of parasitoids of the genus Trichogramma (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) has shown promise for controlling agriculture and forestry insect pests before they damage the crop (Pratissoli et al., 2007). Moreover, this control is favored because of Trichogramma parasitism on many lepidopteran species (Pizzol et al., 2010). For strawberry cultivation, this type of control is critical because D. fovealis caterpillars can damage the fruit, reducing its value, or preventing its commercialization.The objective of this work was to determine the ideal number for field release of Trichogramma galloi and T. pretiosum for controlling D. fovealis in strawberry.The experiment was performed in a greenhouse of the Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, in Alegre, ES, Brazil. Duponchelia fovealis caterpillars were collected from a strawberry crop in Espírito Santo state, and transported to laboratory, where they were kept at 25±1°C, 70±10% relative humidity (RH), and 14-hour photophase, for the establishment of rearing stock. Eggs were distributed onto four cards (2.5×8 cm), with 25 eggs per card. Newly emerged adults were transferred to 20×20 cm cages made with PVC pipe and lined with sulfite paper. To prevent insect escape, the cage bottoms were closed with Styrofoam lined with sulfite paper, and the cage tops were closed with voile cloth. A 10% honey solution (v/v) embedded in cotton was offered as feed to the adults. Egg-laid papers were collected daily from the cages and immediately stored in acrylic gerbox-type boxes (11×11×3.5 cm). The sheets containing eggs were immersed for 10 seconds in 1% formaldehyde solution (v/v) and, subsequently, in 17% copper sulfate solution (m/v) in an aseptic environment, where they remained until dry. Next, the paper portions containing eggs were cut and transferred to flat-bottomed glass tubes (8.5×2.5 cm) containing an artificial diet ...

Coffee is one of the most important Brazilian agricultural commodities exported, and Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo States are the main coffee producers. Scale insects are important coffee pests, and 73 species of Cerococcidae (3), Coccidae (18), Diaspididae (6), Eriococcidae (1), Ortheziidae (3), Pseudococcidae (21), Putoidae (2) and Rhizoecidae (19) have been associated with roots, branches, leaves, flowers and fruits of Arabica coffee in the Neotropics. Eight species were found associated with Arabica coffee in Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo States in this study, and Coccidae was the most frequent family. Coccus alpinus, Cc. celatus, Cc. lizeri, Cc. viridis, and Saissetia coffeae (Coccidae) were found in both states; Alecanochiton marquesi, Pseudaonidia trilobitiformis (Diaspididae), and Dysmicoccus texensis (Pseudococcidae) were only found in Minas Gerais. Alecanochiton marquesi and P. trilobitiformis are first reported in Minas Gerais, and Cc. alpinus in Espírito Santo, on Arabica coffee. All scale insect species were associated with coffee leaves and branches, except D. texensis, associated with coffee roots. Fourty seven scale insect species have been found occurring in Brazilian Arabica coffee, and in Espírito Santo (28) and Minas Gerais (23). Widespread and geographical distribution of each species found are discussed.

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