A petition for the environmental licensing to expand the Port of São Sebastião, in the State of São Paulo, caused several reactions and social protests, which resulted in judicially suspending the first license for almost two years. Considering the high levels of judicialization related to infrastructure projects in Brasil, this research selected the case of port expansion in São Paulo north shore, with the aim of exploring all the possible reasons that led to the environmental licensing to a judicial resolution. Due to the complexity and multidisciplinary origins of the problem, the study resorted to theoretical subsidies in Law; as well in Social and Political Sciences. From an empirical perspective, the contents of media releases, internet pages, studies and official documents. Interviews were also carried out with representatives of the institutions which were either authors or defendants in lawsuits. Ultimately, results indicated other kinds of causes for judicialization besides those officially declared. Among non official reasons, it had observed that the difficulty of building negotiated solutions was aggravated by the absence of important government actors in the decisive arena. There were also excessive expectations about the instrument of environmental licensing, possibly because the proposal for port expansion resulted from public policies in the logistics, however, regarding the formulation and definition of such policies, there was not a public discussion about the negative impacts of the enterprise, especially involving those most directly affected. This research, which was developed on the professional master program, proposes two products geared to the practical evolution of environmental licensing involving enterprises likely to cause significant impacts.
Os licenciamentos ambientais no Brasil, particularmente os que envolvem grandes empreendimentos de infraestrutura e diversidade de atores e interesses, como o setor modal portuário, têm ganhado os holofotes públicos e midiáticos, tendo em vista as disputas travadas nesses processos e os conflitos e as contradições que emergem destes. Como consequência dessa complexidade, muitas decisões sobre a concessão ou não das licenças, embora originalmente endereçadas a apenas um órgão ambiental do Poder Executivo, são submetidas ao crivo judicial. Essa complexidade é explorada neste artigo, que traz resultados de um estudo sobre a judicialização do licenciamento da expansão do Porto Público de São Sebastião, litoral norte de São Paulo. O artigo retoma a cronologia do conflito que emerge desse processo e discute um conjunto de variáveis críticas que pesaram na judicialização do licenciamento do porto. Argumentamos que, para além das causas explícitas nas ações judiciais, outras variáveis – as chamadas causas implícitas da judicialização – permearam a dinâmica político-social que levou o conflito para o Poder Judiciário. Argumentamos ainda que a identificação dessas causas expõe as raízes das limitações que o licenciamento ambiental enfrenta na prática.
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