AbstraksiUjaran kebencian (hate speech) mengiringi kebebasan berpendapat di media sosial. Sejak pilpres 2014 lalu, istilah 'hater' pun dikenal luas, yang menandai orang-orang dengan kecenderungan membuat pesan ujaran kebencian pada orang atau kelompok tertentu. Kebhinnekaan sebagai pengikat sosial diuji karena kecenderungan praktik ujaran kebencian yang dipromosikan melalui media sosial. Kondisi itu diperparah oleh penyalahgunaan media sosial seperti persebaran berita bohong atau informasi palsu (hoax) yang dampaknya menimbulkan permusuhan dan tidak sesuai dengan budaya bangsa Indonesia yang mengutamakan toleransi. Dalam rangka merespon berkembangnya ujaran kebencian, kajian ini mencoba untuk mengembangkan suatu model literasi media yang berkebhinnekaan dalam menganalisis informasi palsu (hoax) dalam berita di media sosial. Melalui pengembangan model kajian literasi media sebagai pendekatan yang memberdayakan pengguna media sosial (netizen) maka diasumsikan para netizen akan lebih mampu mengkonstruksi muatan yang positif dalam memanfaatkan media sosial.Kata kunci: literasi media-berkebinnekaan, media sosial, informasi berita palsu (hoax) AbstractHate speech accompanies freedom of speech on social media. Since the 2014 presidential election, the term 'hater' was well known, marking people with a tendency to create hate messages addressed to particular individuals or groups. The Indonesian sense of managing diversity (Kebhinnekaan) is thus under scrutiny due to the practices of hate speech promoted by social media. The condition of free speech is aggravated by social media abuse by false news and false information (hoax), both of which resulted in hatred and thus are unsuitable with Indonesian culture which promotes tolerance. As a response to the growing hate speech, this study aims to examine a model of media literacy based on promoting the values diversity in analyzing false information (hoax) on social media. By developing a model of media literacy as an approach to empower the netizens of social media, the netizens are assumed to be able to construct positive contents of utilizing social media.

The hegemony was built in the understanding of the modern market trying to continue to enter into dictating the taste of the community, building the moral habits of its visitors. Ranging from fashion, food, as if the mall is something that has legitimacy to create parameters such as what lifestyle should be the current society. Along with social changes in society, now emerging online businesses as the most practical and ideal consumption medium. The online business is a medium of power relations, because meaningfully the internet is also a sign of high technology which cones social classes and social symbols. The development of online business in Indonesia is considered to be a solution in improving the economy of the lower classes. Because through online business, people can get the same access in marketing their products different from modern markets that tend to be exclusive. The impact of the emergence of online business in recent years for some people is considered a threat to the modern market. For modern markets that do not compete at low prices but compete with the uniqueness that is owned like creative shops, online business is not a threat.

Penyebaran berita bohong, fitnah atau biasa disebut hoax di masa pandemik covid 19 saat ini, menimbulkan  pengaruh dan efek yang negatif terutama menimbulkan kepanikan, ketidakpercayaan kepada pemerintah, sehingga menghambat upaya pemerintah menangani pandemik covid 19. Berita bohong atau fitnah yang menyebar, telah dimanfaatkan untuk kepentingan politik maupun ekonomi tertentu dari pihak yang menghendaki kerusakan dalam hidup bermasyarakat. Teori yang digunakan Manuel Castells tentang  Network Society dan Riskyana Sukandhi Putra sebagai model literasi digital untuk membedakan hoax atau fakta pada berita covid. Metode Penelitian yang digunakan Kualitatif dengan durasi waktu Maret hingga Juli 2020 sebagai masa pandemik covid 19. Konten hoax yang menimbulkan keresahan di kalangan masyarakat, dapat ditanggulangi dengan pengembangan literasi digital, sejatinya masyarakat dapat berpikir kritis terhadap informasi yang diterima di era digital termasuk media sosial. Model penanggulangan hoax ini diharapkan meningkatkan kemampuan masyarakat untuk dapat menerima, mengolah, dan memilih informasi. Kita tentu tidak ingin kita terus-menerus mengalami kebingungan akan hoax soal covid 19 ini.

This paper aims to investigate the relationship narratives presented in the media and their role in influencing the policymaking process regarding the COVID-19 response in Indonesia. The study is based on an analysis of online news content and in-depth interviews with political advisers to the president and ministers as well as public health experts who were invited to the core group of policymakers. Analysis of the narrative policy framework reveals the relationship between the government's response and the changing tone of media coverage. The study also finds that the media have become an influential platform influencing policy agenda setting.