Endocrine disruptors have been studied for their high occurrence in different environments including aquatic; however, in the context of developing countries, their occurrence, magnitude and potential threat have little information. This study involved the analysis of various components of the urban water cycle in the city of Bogotá, Colombia. As a result, it was found that the compounds with the highest occurrence are plasticizers such as phthalates and bisphenol A, whereas among the drugs, carbamazepine presented the highest concentrations (0.68-31.45 µg L); the analysis of the threat coefficient (HQ) showed the importance of bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (BEHP) and estrone (E1) that can reach surface waters from domestic and industrial discharges.
Palabras clave: compuestos farmacéuticos, disruptores endocrinos, agua potable, agua residual, agua superficial RESUMEN Los microcontaminantes incluyen una amplia gama de compuestos presentes en el ambiente en concentraciones de µg/L o ng/L. En este estudio se analizó la presencia y concentración de microcontaminantes como compuestos farmacéuticos y disruptores endocrinos en el ciclo urbano del agua de la ciudad de Santiago de Cali, Colombia, donde se incluyeron cuatro puntos de monitoreo de agua superficial, tres de agua potable y uno de agua residual. Se realizaron cinco jornadas de muestreo: un muestreo preliminar en el cual se cuantificaron 92 compuestos clasificados en cinco grupos de compuestos farmacéuticos (I, II, III, IV y V) y un grupo de disruptores endocrinos (DE), a partir del cual se priorizaron tres grupos a ser determinados en los cuatro muestreos siguientes. Los criterios de presencia, concentración, efectos sobre la biota acuática y financiamiento de la investigación, se emplearon para seleccionar los grupos I, IV y DE, los cuales tuvieron una presencia superior al 48 % y una concentración media de hasta 11 000 ng/L. Se encontró que los compuestos más relevantes, en términos de presencia y concentración en el ciclo urbano del agua fueron 10,11-dihydro-10,11-dihidroxicarbamazepina, ibuprofeno, naproxeno, gemfibrozilo, paracetamol, sulfametoxazol, estronas, 4-iso-nonilfenol y bisfenol A. La presencia en el ciclo urbano del agua de Cali genera una alerta por la potencial amenaza sobre los organismos acuáticos y la salud humana.Key words: pharmaceutical compounds, endocrine disruptors, drinking water, wastewater, superficial water ABSTRACT Micropollutants includes a wide variety of compounds in environmental concentrations of µg/L or ng/L. The presence and concentration of micropollutants, as pharmaceutical and endocrine disruptors compounds, were studied throughout the urban water cycle of Santiago de Cali city, Colombia. In order to do this, samples were collected in four points of surface water, three of drinking water and one of wastewater. Five samplings were carried out: one screening with 92 compounds measured, classified in five pharmaceutical compounds groups (I, II, III, IV and V) and one endocrine disruptors group Rev. Int.
Introduction. Urban runoff sediments contain heavy metals that generate risk to the environment. Several risk assessment indexes for heavy metals have been developed, which show the level of contamination of particles in the environment and their origin. Besides, sediment risk is also associated with the particle size distribution and hydrometeorological characteristics. Objective. This work seeks to evaluate the risk of contamination from runoff sediments collected in an experimental catchment, related to their size distribution and hydrological characteristics of the area of influence. Materials and methods. The field and laboratory experiments were carried out on the constructed-wetland/ storage-tank structure from Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá. The hydrological data were obtained from a nearby El Paraíso rain gauge station. The geoaccumulation (Igeo), pollution index (PI), and enrichment factor (EF) rates were calculated. Furthermore, Principal Component Analysis was used in order to determine the relationships between the risk, hydrological and granulometric variables. Results. There is a low/medium risk for Cu and Cr, in contrast to the high risk for Pb and Zn. According to multivariate statistical analysis, there is a relationship between risk indexes and average particle diameters (D50): these indexes increase for fine particles and periods of high rainfall intensity. Conclusions. The hydrological variables are important to determine the risks of urban runoff sediments. In this study, we found that the variable of dry weather is related to the values of geo-accumulation indexes and contamination. The findings of this work reinforce the possibility of developing early warning systems for sediment risks using key hydrological and sedimentological variables.
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