Skizofrenia adalah gangguan psikiatrik mayor yang ditandai dengan adanya perubahan pada persepsi, pikiran, afek, dan perilaku. Beberapa pendekatan terapi pada pasien skizoprenia adalah terapi psikoreligius atau psikospiritual. Terapi psikoreligius/psikospiritual akan membangkitkan rasa percaya diri (self-confident) dan rasa optimisme. Dua hal ini (rasa percaya diri dan rasa optimisme) penting bagi penyembuhan dari suatu penyakit disamping terapi obat-obatan dan tindakan medis lainnya. Terapi Al-Qurʻan merupakan terapi penyembuhan dan solusi penyakit fisik, spiritual dan sosial bagi umat islam. Mendengarkan dan membaca Al-Qur'an secara ilmiah menimbulkan efek menenangkan, meningkatkan relaksasi, dan menghilangkan gangguan negative fisik dan jiwa, merangsang pelepasan endorfin di otak, yang berefek positif pada suasana hati dan ingatan, focus pada pikiran dan pengalaman positif, mengalihkan pikiran negatif, menurunkan stress, kecemasan, dan depresi, menjadi pengobatan nonfarmakologi untuk melengkapi terapi yang ada.
Abstrak. Leukosit adalah system imun tubuh yang terlibat dalam pertahanan tubuh terhadap penyakit dan bahan asing. Jika terjadi peningkatan jumlah leukosit berisiko terjadi kelahiran prematur, ketuban pecah dini dan infeksi neonatus. Apabila terjadi penurunan sistem imun akan terjadi penurunan ketahanan tubuh terhadap penyakit terutama infeksi untuk memperbaiki sistem imun dipengaruhi beberapa faktor salah satunya zat gizi makro mikro. Daun kelor kaya kandungan nutrisi yang merupakan alternatif untuk menanggulangi terjadinya kekurangan zat gizi dan infeksi. Penelitian bertujuan menggambarkan efek the daun kelor (Moringa Oleifera Tea) terhadap kadar leukosit pada ibu hamil. Metode digunakan yaitu Quasi Experiment non randomized control group pretest-posttest design. Teknik pengambilan sampel dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling pada ibu dengan usia kehamilan trimester III (≥28 minggu) di Puskesmas Pangkajene dan Puskesmas Lawawoi Kabupaten Sidenreng Rappang. Subjek dibagi menjadi dua kelompok yaitu kelompok intervensi 18 subjek dan kelompok kontrol 18 subjek. Hasil analisis rerata kadar leukosit pada kelompok teh daun kelor dari 11396±1903 menjadi 9416±1715. Pada kelompok tablet Fe dari 10658±1424 menjadi 10967±964 dengan selisih 1979 dan 308 (p=0.002) dapat disempulakn bawha terdapat perbedaan rerata nilai kadar leukosit antara kelompok teh daun kelor dan kelompok tablet Fe, dimana teh daun kelor lebih efektif menurunkan kadar leukosit ibu hamil. Kata kunci : Kadar Leukosit, Ibu Hamil, Teh Daun Kelor Effects of Moringa Oleifera Tea on Leukocyte Levels of Pregnant Women Abstract. Leukocytes are the immune system that is involved in defending the body against disease and foreign material. If there is an increase in the number of leukocytes, there is a risk of premature birth, premature rupture of membranes and neonatal infection. If the immune system declines, there will be a decrease in the body's resistance to diseases, especially infections and to improve the immune system there are several factors, one of which is the intake of micro-nutrients. Moringa leaves are rich in nutritional content which is an alternative to overcome the occurrence of nutrient deficiencies and infections. This research aims to describe the effect of Moringa Oleifera Tea on the levels of pregnant women leukocytes. The method used in this research is Quasi Experiment non randomized control group pretest-posttest design. Sampling was done by purposive sampling in third trimester of pregnant women (≥28 weeks) at the Pangkajene and Lawawoi Health Center in Sidenreng Rappang Regency which were divided into two groups: an intervention group of 18 subjects and a control group of 18 subjects. The results of the average analysis of leukocyte levels in the Moringa oleifera tea group 11396±1903 to 9416±1715. In the Fe tablet group 10658±1424 to 10967±964 with the difference in 1979 and 308 (p=0.002) it can be concluded that there are differences in the average value of leukocyte levels between the Moringa oleifera tea group and the Fe tablet group, where Moringa oleifera tea is more effective in reducing leukocyte levels of pregnant Women Keywords : Leukocyte Levels, Pregnant Women, Moringa Oleifera Tea
Background: Anti-malarial resistance of Plasmodium, such as chloroquine becoming a health problem worldwide. This research aims to evaluate the in vitro anti-plasmodium activity of hexane fraction extract of Calophyllum bicolor (C. bicolor) against culture of Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) 3D7 and determine its inhibitor concentration of 50% (IC 50 ); to observe the microscopic changes of P. falciparum after exposed to the hexane fraction of C. bicolor extract and to observe the ultra structure changes of P. falciparum 3D7 after being exposed to hexane fraction of C. bicolor extract. Method: This research applied quasi experimental with post-test only control group design. Anti malarial activity test of hexane fraction of C. bicolor extract towards Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 2% was undertaken over 48 hours with in vitro incubation technique. The level of parasitemia was observed using binocular optical microscope with 1000x magnification by counting the infected erythrocytes with Giemsa color technique. Then it was analyzed to determine the level of inhibitor concentration of 50% (IC 50 ) of the C. bicolor extract. The next step is to observe the changes of parasite's morphologic and ultra structure after the 24 and 48 hours incubation of the parasite P. falciparum 3D7 with hexane fraction of C. bicolor, IC 50 . Then, the morphologic change of P. falciparum 3D7 was observed with optical binocular microscopy and the ultra structure changes with Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The changes of morphologic and ultra structure were analyzed qualitatively. Results: The research revealed that hexane fraction of the C. bicolor extract inhibited the growth of the parasite P. falciparum 3D7 with the value of -49.00±2.54, 12.53±3.13, 23.01±1.10, 27.68±4.23, 48.65±18.71, 70.82±4.67, 80.52±6.17% with the hexane extract concentration of 0, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, 100, and 1000 µg/mL. This research also found that the inhibitor concentration of 50% (IC 50 ) of hexane fraction of C. bicolor extract was 3.94 µg/mL in 10 -7 which could change the morphologic and ultra structure of P. falciparum 3D7. There were several changes in morphology of the parasite over 24 hour incubation compared with the control group, i.e. the nucleus of young tropozoid became thicker, darker, and smaller; the skizon were condensate, thicker, darker, karyorrhexis and demolition of membrane. Hexane fraction of C. bicolor extract also changes the ultra structure over 24 hour incubation, i.e. vacuole membrane boundary and hemozoin were unclear. Over 48 hours of incubation the nucleus and cytoplasm bigger than those in the control group. Conclusion: Hexane fraction of the C. bicolor extract showed a strong anti plasmodium activity towards the in vitro culture of P. falciparum 3D7 at the level of (IC 50 ) 3.94 µg/mL. The Hexane fraction of C. bicolor extract could change the morphology and ultra structure of P. falciparum 3D7 in vitro.
Introduction: Anemia is a public health problem in developing and emerging countries worldwide. Anemia is defined as an abnormal decrease in the number and size of erythrocytes and the hemoglobin and hematocrit concentrations below normal. In addition to blood (Fe) tablets, one alternative functional food is dates and bee pollen, which can increase hemoglobin and erythrocyte levels. Objective: To assess the difference in changes in erythrocyte index before and after the intervention between the group-administered combination syrup (dates and bee pollen) and the group-administered date syrup. Method: This experimental study employs a non-equivalent control group design. The sample consisted of 26 female adolescents with anemia who were taken using a total sampling technique, 13 in the date syrup and 13 in the combination syrup (dates and bee pollen). Data were analyzed using Paired T-Test, Independent Sample T-Test, Wilcoxon Test, and Mann-Whitney Test. Results: The combination syrup (dates and bee pollen) affected the increase in erythrocyte index (MCV, MCH, MCHC) in anemic female adolescents, with a pre-post significance value of P<0.05.
Background: Manila sapodilla fruit (Achras zapota L) has been widely known empirically in the community, namely fruit used for the treatment of typhoid fever by means of raw fruit in washing / cleaning then the fruit is shredded and the result of grated squeezed using fine leaves and the filter is drunk in patients with typhoid fever. High Motility Group Box 1 (HMGB1) is a protein that is expressed constitutively in almost all types of cells. Objective: To determine the effect of Manila Palm fruit extract (Achras Zapota L) on the expression of the High Motility Group Box 1 (HMGB1) gene in mice infected with Salmonella typhi. Methods: The method used for extracting sapodilla fruit is the maceration method and the tool used to see changes in HMGB1 mRNA gene expression is PCR with boom extraction method. Conclusion: Some sapodilla manila fruit extract dose 510 mg / KgBB (p = 0.016, p <0.05) (∆ mean = 1.90) and 750 mg / KgBB (p = 0.000, p <0.05) (∆ mean = 4.19), can decrease HMGB1 mRNA expression was observed at day 4, 10 to day 30 with no effect with levofloxacin 98 mg / KgBB (p = 0.000, p <0.05) (∆ mean = 5.97).
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