Uric acid is the end product of purine metabolism. Circulating uric acid in the human body is produced by the body (endogenous uric acid) as well as derived from food (exogenous uric acid). Normal serum uric acid level is <7.0 mg / dL in men and <6.0 in women. Obesity can be defined as excess body fat. One of the markers used for body fat content is body mass index (BMI). This study aimed to compare the levels of uric acid in obese and non-obese subjects. This was an analytical study with a cross sectional design. The population is students of Faculty of Medicine University of Sam Ratulangi Manado. Samples were male students of batch 2013. There were 42 male students, consisted of 21 obese and 21 non-obese students. The results showed that the average of uric acid levels in obese group was 8.05 mg/dL and in non-obese group 6.63 mg/dL. In the obese group, 67% had an increase in uric acid level meanwhile in the non-obese group only 38%. The statistical test showed a sig 0,009. Conclusion: In this study, the average of uric acid level in obese group was significantly higher than in the non-obese group. However, there were students with either normal or high uric acid levels in both groups.Keywords: uric acid, obeseAbstrak: Asam urat merupakan produk akhir metabolisme purin. Asam urat yang beredar di dalam tubuh manusia di produksi sendiri oleh tubuh (asam urat endogen) dan berasal dari makanan (asam urat eksogen). Normalnya kadar asam urat serum <7,0 mg/dL pada pria dan <6,0 mg/dL pada wanita. Obesitas dapat di definisikan sebagai kelebihan lemak tubuh. Penanda kandungan lemak tubuh yang digunakan ialah indeks masa tubuh (IMT). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbandingan kadar asam urat pada subyek obes dan non obes. Penelitian ini bersifat analitik dengan pendekatan potong lintang. Populasi penelitian ialah mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi Manado. Sampel idalah mahasiswa pria angkatan 2013 dan didapatkan 42 orang yang terbagi atas 21 obes dan 21 non obes. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan rerata kadar asam urat pada obes 8,05 mg/dL dan pada non-obes 6,63 mg/dL. Peningkatan kadar asam urat ditemukan 67% pada kelompok obes dan 38% pada kelompok non-obes. Uji statistik menunjukkan nilai sig 0,009. Simpulan: Pada penelitian ini rerata kadar asam urat pada kelompok obes lebih tinggi secara bermakna daripada kelompok non-obes. Walaupun demikian, pada kedua kelompok ditemukan mahasiswa dengan kadar asam urat normal maupun meningkat.Kata kunci: asam urat, obesitas
Liver cirrhosis is often associated with impaired renal function. This can be due to disturbances of hemodynamic and neurohormonal systems and increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system. This will lead to a decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR). This study aimed to find out the connection of the liver cirrhosis degree and GFR values in liver cirrhosis subjects. This study was a cross-sectional design. Samples were 30 liver cirrhosis cases’ medical records at BLU Prof. Dr R.D Kandou Hospital Manado in the period of October 2013 to October 2014.The medical record data included age, gender, values of albumin, bilirubin, and creatinine, Child’s score, and the GFR values by using CKD-EPI formula. The corrrelation of the liver cirrhosis degrees and GFR values was tested by using the Spearman correlation test. The results showed that there was a negative, not significant correlation between class B Child’s score and GFR (r = -0.231, p = 0.618); a positive, not significant correlation between class C Child’s score and GFR (r = 0.188, p = 0.428), and btween Child’s score and GFR (r = 0.118, p = 0.533)Conclusion: There was no significant correlation between the liver cirrhosis degree (Child’s score) and GFR values.Keywords: liver cirhhosis, Child’s score, GFRAbstrak: Sirosis hati sering disertai gangguan fungsi ginjal. Hal tersebut dapat disebabkan adanya gangguan sistem hemodinamik dan neurohormonal, serta peningkatan aktivitas sistem saraf simpatis. Gangguan ini akan memicu penurunan laju filtrasi glomerulus (LFG). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan derajat keparahan sirosis hati dengan nilai laju filtrasi glomerulus pada subyek sirosis hati. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang. Sampel peneltian ini berjumlah 30 rekam medik subyek sirosis hati yang tercatat di BLU RSUP Prof. Dr. R.D. Kandou Manado periode Oktober 2013 sampai Oktober 2014. Data rekam medik tersebut mencakup umur, jenis kelamin, nilai albumin, bilirubin, kreatinin, skor Child, dan nilai LFG menggunakan formula CKD-EPI. Hubungan derajat keparahan Child dengan LFGdiuji dengan uji korelasi Spearman. Hasil uji korelasi Spearman menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan negatif dan tidak signifikan antara skor Child kelas B dengan LFG (r = -0,231, p = 0,618), hubungan positif dan tidak signifikan antara skor Child kelas Cdengan LFG (r = 0,188, p = 0,428), serta skor Child dengan LFG (r = 0,118, p = 0,533). Simpulan: Tidak terdapat hubungan signifikan antara derajat keparahan sirosis hati (Skor Child) dengan nilai LFG.Kata kunci: sirosis hati, skor Child, LFG
Heart failure is characterized by perfusion malfunction to fulfill the metabolism of the body caused by malfunction of heart pumps. It is oftenly associated with non-cardiac symptoms, such as liver dysfunction marked by increasing of liver function tests inter alia AST and ALT. This was a descriptive retrospective study using total sampling method. Subjects were medical records of heart failure patients who were hospitalized in Internal Medicine Department of Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital Manado in 2013. Data included name, age, NYHA classification, as well as AST and ALT levels of heart failure patients. There were 36 subjects consisted of 23 males and 13 females. Based on NYHA classification, there were 24 patients with third class of NYHA and 12 patients with fourth class of NYHA. Most patients had increased AST and ALT levels over 100 U/L. The chi-square test analyzing the relationship between NYHA and AST-ALT showed a p-value of 0.058. Conclusion: There was a relationship between heart failure and liver dysfunction, however, it was not statistically significant.Keywords: heart failure, liver dysfunction, NYHA Class, AST, ALTAbstrak: Gagal jantung ditandai oleh ketidakmampuan perfusi sistemik memenuhi metabolisme tubuh yang disebabkan disfungsi pompa jantung. Gagal jantung dapat disertai gejala gangguan nonkardiak seperti gangguan fungsi hati ditandai dengan naiknya tes fungsi hati seperti AST dan ALT. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan gagal jantung dan gangguan fungsi hati. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif retrospektif dengan metode total sampling. Subjek penelitian ialah pasien gagal jantng di Bagian Ilmu Penyakit Dalam RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou, Manado tahun 2013 yang diperoleh dengan metode total sampling. Data penderita gagal jantung berupa nama, jenis kelamin, usia, kelas NYHA, kadar AST, dan ALT diperoleh dari rekam medik. Jumlah subyek sebanyak 36 orang, terdiri dari 23 laki-laki dan 13 perempuan. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan jumlah pasien gagal jantung kelas III NYHA 24 orang dan kelas IV NYHA 12 orang. Kebanyakan penderita mengalami peningkatan AST dan ALT diatas 100 U/L. Analisis uji chi square terhadap kelas gagal jantung NYHA dengan AST dan ALT mendapatkan OR 3,6 dengan nilai p=0,058 (p<0,05). Simpulan: Terdapat hubungan antara gagal jantung dan gangguan fungsi hati walau secara statistik tidak bermakna.Kata kunci: gagal jantung, gangguan fungsi hati, kelas NYHA, AST, ALT
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a disease with a high mortality rate in both developed and developing countries. Blood type is a particular feature of human in an individual's blood, such as ABO and Rhesus groups. The purpose of this study to determine the relate of blood type and CHD. Methods Cross sectional study using a study by the number of respondents in this study were 42 patients CHD checks from November to December 2012 at poliklinik Jantung BLU RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D Kandou, Manado. Based on Chi Square test showed the value of Pearson Chi Square, which obtained significance value is 1.000 (significant value <0.05), so it was concluded that there is no significant relate between blood type and CHD. Keywords: CAD, Blood Group, Cross Sectional Abstrak: Penyakit jantung koroner (PJK) merupakan penyakit dengan angka mortalitas yang tinggi baik di negara maju maupun berkembang. Golongan darah merupakan ciri khusus darah dari suatu individu, seperti golongan ABO maupun Rhesus. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan golongan darah dan PJK. Metode penelitian menggunakan studi Cross Sectional dengan jumlah responden dalam penelitian ini adalah 42 pasien PJK yang melakukan pemeriksaan mulai bulan November hingga Desember 2012 di poliklinik Jantung BLU RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D Kandou, Manado. Berdasarkan uji Chi Square menunjukkan nilai Pearson Chi Square, yang didapatkan nilai signifikansinya adalah 1,000 (nilai signifikan <0,05), sehingga disimpulkan bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara golongan darah dan PJK. Kata kunci: PJK, Golongan Darah, Cross Sectional
Heart failure is a clinical syndrome characterized by shortness of breath and fatique during activity or at rest, caused by structural abnormalities or heart dysfunction. Left and right heart failure that occur at the same time is called congestive heart failure, and it can also be associated with impaired liver function, such as elevated AST and ALT levels. This study was aimed to obtain the liver function among patients with congestive heart failure at Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou by using total sampling method. Samples were patients with congestive heart failure at Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital in 2012. Data of congestive heart failure patients were divided into liver function, gender, age, congestive heart failure, and New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional category recorded in the outpatient medical records. The results showed that there were 54 patients with congestive heart failure (33 males and 21 females); only 32 of them had liver function test data. Of the 32 patients, 9 patients showed increased liver function test less than twice of normal value and 2 patients had more than twice of normal value of liver function tests. Conclusion: The majority of patients with congestive heart failure had normal liver function test.Keywords: congestive heart failure, liver function test, ALT, AST, NYHA functional classes Abstrak: Gagal jantung merupakan sindrom klinis ditandai dengan sesak napas dan kelambanan (saat aktivitas atau saat istirahat) yang disebabkan oleh kelainan struktur atau disfungsi jantung. Gagal jantung kiri dan gagal jantung kanan yang terjadi bersamaan disebut gagal jantung kongestif yang bisa disertai gangguan fungsi hati (peningkatan kadar AST dan ALT). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui angka kejadian penderita dengan gagal jantung kongestif disertai gangguan tes fungsi hati di poliklinik jantung. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif retrospektif. Sampel ialah penderita dengan gagal jantung kongestif di Poliklinik Jantung RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou selama periode Januari-Desember 2012. yang diperoleh dengan metode total sampling. Data penderita gagal jantung kongestif dibagi atas tes fungsi hati, jenis kelamin, kelompok usia, faktor penyebab gagal jantung kongestif, dan klasifikasi fungsional NYHA (New York Heart Association) yang tercantum dalam buku register/rekam medis rawat jalan. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan sebanyak subjek 54 penderita gagal jantung kongestif (33 laki-laki dan 21 perempuan), tetapi hanya 32 penderita diantaranya yang memiliki data tes fungsi hati. Dari 32 penderita tersebut, 9 penderita mengalami peningkatan kurang dari dua kali nilai normal tes fungsi hati dan 2 penderita lebih dari dua kali nilai normal tes fungsi hati. Simpulan: Sebagian besar penderita dengan gagal jantung kongestif mempunyai tes fungsi hati dalam batas normal.Kata kunci: gagal jantung kongestif, tes fungsi hati, kelas fungsional NYHA
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