Cubosomes are nanoparticles in structure which is mainly made of certain amphiphilic lipids in definite proportion, known as bicontinuous cubic phase liquid crystals. Hydrating a surfactant or polar lipid that forms cubic phase and then dispersing a solid like phase into smaller particles usually forms a cubosomes. They perform solid like rheology with unique properties of practical interest. They are thermodynamically stable and they have carvenous (honeycomb) structures which are tightly packed twisted into three dimensional bilayers. This type of complex structure allows them to have greater drug loading ability. Cubosomes have ability to encapsulate the hydrophobic, hydrophilic, amphiphilic substances. Cubosomes can increase the solubility of poorly soluble drug. Cubosome dispersions are bioadhesive and biocompatible. Because of their properties, cubosome are versatile systems, administrable by different ways such as orally, percutaneously and parenterally. Cubosome structure by means of electron microscopy, light scattering, x-ray and NMR, nevertheless few researchers has been studying the potential of cubosome as delivery systems.
Bilayer tablet is new era for the successful development of controlled release formulation along with various features to provide a way of successful drug delivery system. Controlled release dosage forms have been extensively used to improve therapy with several important drugs. Use of bilayer tablet is a very different aspect for anti-inflammatory and analgesic. Bilayer tablet is suitable for sequential release of two drugs in combination, separate two incompatible substances and also for sustained release tablet in which one Layer is immediate release as initial dose and second layer is maintenance dose. Bilayer tablet is improved beneficial technology to overcome the shortcoming of the single layered tablet. This article provides an overview of the bilayer tablet technology, highlighting the main benefits of this type of oral dosage forms while providing a description of current challenges and advances toward improving manufacturing practices and product quality.
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