Background:Anemia of chronic disease is defined as anemia occurring in chronic infections, inflammatory conditions, or neoplastic disorders which are not due to marrow deficiencies or other diseases, and occurring despite the presence of adequate iron stores and vitamins.Aims:To evaluate the relation between anemia and periodontitis by estimation of blood parameters and to assess whether periodontitis like other inflammatory conditions can lead to anemia. It is a randomized controlled clinical trial.Materials and Methods:A total of 50 healthy controls, 50 chronic generalized gingivitis, and 50 chronic generalized periodontitis patients were selected. Hemoglobin levels (Hb), erythrocyte count red blood cell, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), mean corpuscular volu e (MCV), mean corpuscular Hb (MCH) and MCH concentration (MCHC), gingival index, plaque index, probing pocket depth, and clinical attachment level were recorded. Intergroup comparison of blood parameters is by one-way ANOVA. Intergroup pair wise comparison of the three groups is by Newman–Keuls multiple post-hoc procedures. Karl Pearsons's correlation coefficient method is used for correlation between different parameters for three groups.Results:The results revealed a decrease in Hb and erythrocyte counts and increase in white blood corpuscles counts in chronic generalized periodontitis when compared to healthy controls and chronic generalized gingivitis group. There was no statistically significant difference in MCV, MCH, MCHC, and ESR among the groups.Conclusions:The treatment of periodontitis can lead to an improvement in hematocrit and other related blood parameters in chronic generalized periodontitis patients with anemia. This provides evidence that periodontitis like other chronic diseases may also cause anemia.

Aim:This in-vitro study measured the force deflection behavior of selected initial alignment archwires by conducting three-point bending tests under controlled tests. The study tested three wire designs, namely, co-axial multistranded stainless steel wires, nickel–titanium, and copper–nickel–titanium archwires.Materials and Methods:The archwires were ligated to a specially designed metal jig, simulating the arch. A testing machine (Instron) recorded activation and deactivation forces of different deflections at 37°C. Forces on activation and deactivation were compared by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).Results:Significant differences (P < 0.05) in activation and deactivation forces were observed among the tested wires. The co-axial multistranded wire had the lowest mean activation and deactivation forces, whereas conventional nickel–titanium wires had more mean activation and deactivation forces at different deflections.Conclusion:The activation and deactivation forces were higher for nickel–titanium followed by copper–nickel titanium and co-axial wires. The amount of percentage force loss was more for co-axial wire, indicating that these wires are not ideal for initial leveling and aligning.

Objectives: COVID-19 pandemic has shown a substantial impact on the entire world both physiologically and psychologically. By the hit of the second wave, which opened dangerous gates for secondary infections, apprehension was carried among health-care sectors. These secondary infections were due to decreased immunity. On the other hand, risk modifiers, such as diabetes and hypertension played a leading role in the mortality rate. A substantial number of studies have not been conducted so far regarding the impact of this second wave on dental healthcare professionals. The present study aimed to evaluate the dental healthcare professionals’ perspective levels during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic through a web-based survey. Material and Methods: A total of 853 responses were gathered by sending 15 questions in Google forms. Data collected were gathered and subjected to statistical analysis, expressed in frequency distribution and Pearson’s Chi-square test was performed. Results: Data obtained and projected that the study population expressed higher anxiety and stress levels, despite which was many of them showed an inclination to work during these tough times. The knowledge about secondary fungal infections like Mucormycosis, which was caused due to immune suppression, was abundant among the participants. A significant proportion conveyed the ill effect of COVID-19 on clinical practice and academics as well. Conclusion: Dental professionals have shown a positive perspective despite of higher stress levels and being a part of frontline workers, they are much primed to assure, educate, and treat the patients amidst the COVID-19 pandemic.

Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate crestal bone loss around immediate loading compression screw implants. Study Design: A Randomized controlled clinical trial. Method: In this randomized study, 15 subjects with 30 edentulous sites in the maxillary and mandibular anterior regions (incisors and canines) willing for replacement were taken into consideration. A total of 14 implants were placed in healed sites and 16 implants were placed in freshly extracted sockets and immediately loaded in both groups. Provisional restoration was delivered on the same day of implant placement. Crestal bone loss was evaluated at baseline (immediately after implant placement), 1 month, and 4 months. The final prosthetic restoration was delivered after 4 months following implant placement. Results: No statistically significant difference for crestal bone loss was observed between delayed and immediate implant placement at 4 months interval. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, immediate placement of one-piece implant produced crestal bone loss comparable to delayed placement. The unique design of a one-piece implants eliminates the fixture abutment interface (microgap) and resembles the natural tooth with a seamless transition of the radicular unit to the coronal unit. Therefore, in the maxillary and mandibular anterior regions, one-piece implants with immediate loading can be considered as a viable solution for the replacement of missing teeth with better esthetics.

BACKGROUND In recent days a high success rate has been documented for dental implants as a treatment option for missing teeth replacement. Low level laser therapy (LLLT) is a novel therapeutic modality reported to enhance bone healing. Few studies reported that LLLT enhances proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts and also reduces postoperative pain. The purpose of this study was to assess if post-operative lowlevel laser irradiation of the implant site has any influence on crestal bone loss and pain reduction around dental implants. METHODS In this split mouth randomised study, 9 subjects with bilateral edentulous sites in the mandibular posterior region willing for replacement were taken into consideration. A total of 30 implants were placed on either side of the mandible followed by Low Level Laser irradiation on the test side immediately after implant placement, on 4th and 7th day. Crestal bone level assessment was done radiographically at 3 months and post-operative pain was assessed using visual analogue scale (VAS) scoring by patients from baseline to 6 days. Statistical analysis was done using unpaired t test for inter group crestal bone loss and Mann-Whitney U test for intergroup pain reduction scores. RESULTS The mean crestal bone loss of control group was 1.40 with a standard deviation of 0.39 and for test group it was 0.76 with a standard deviation of 0.26. A significant difference was observed between control and test groups with respect to crestal bone loss scores at 3 months. On comparing VAS pain scores between the two groups from day 1 to 6, significant difference between the groups was observed on day 2, 3 and 4 with P-values 0.042, 0.0011, 0.0036 respectively. CONCLUSIONS Low level irradiation around the dental implants showed a significant reduction in crestal bone loss and post-operative pain. KEY WORDS Dental Implant, Low Level Laser Therapy, Crestal Bone Loss, Post-Operative Pain