Gingivitis and periodontitis are most common inflammatory diseases of supporting tissues of teeth. Role of microbial etiology and host response in progression of gingival and periodontal diseases has been well established. Because of the beneficial biological effects of ozone, due to its antimicrobial and immunostimulating effect, it is well indicated in the treatment of gingival and periodontal diseases. The objective of this article is to provide a general review about clinical applications of ozone in treatment of periodontal diseases and to summarize the available in vitro and in vivo studies in Periodontics in which ozone has been used.

No abstract

Context:Antimicrobial efficacy of subgingival chlorhexidine (CHX) application using two different vehicles of delivery.Aims:The aim was to evaluate the efficacy of CHX varnish and gel as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) in reducing microbial count within moderate to deep periodontal pockets.Settings and Design:Experimental parallel mouth study.Subjects and Methods:A total of 30 subjects between the age groups 25 and 55 years having moderate to severe periodontitis, with pocket depth ≥ 5 mm were selected for the study. The selected patients were randomized into three groups of 10 each. Subjects in Group 1 received SRP followed by subgingival application of CHX varnish, subjects in Group 2 received SRP followed by subgingival application of CHX gel, subjects in Group 3 received SRP alone. Subgingival plaque samples were collected to estimate mean motile and nonmotile microbial counts using dark field microscopy at baseline, 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months.Results:After 3 months, there was statistically significant reduction in nonmotile microbial count in all the three groups. Motile microbial count was significantly reduced in all the three groups till 1 month from baseline. Only subjects in Group 1 who received subgingival CHXvarnish after SRP showed a significant reduction in motile microbial count till 3 months from baseline.Conclusions:Subgingival application of highly concentrated CHX varnish following SRP is beneficial in reducing microbial count in moderate to deep periodontal pockets.

Pyogenic granuloma (PyG) is a common cause of swelling in the oral cavity during pregnancy and also as an exaggerated response to any minor trauma. The condition is frequently associated with periodontal pain and discomfort, in some cases interfering with mastication and creating esthetic problems. Six patients reported to the Department of Periodontics with gingival overgrowth in the lower anteriors. After recording the details of the patients’ oral hygiene status, all the patients were provided initial therapy with scaling and were prescribed analgesics for the reduction of pain and discomfort. After 1 week, surgical excision of the overgrowth was performed and sent for histopathological analysis. The histopathological report is suggestive of PyG.

Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate crestal bone loss around immediate loading compression screw implants. Study Design: A Randomized controlled clinical trial. Method: In this randomized study, 15 subjects with 30 edentulous sites in the maxillary and mandibular anterior regions (incisors and canines) willing for replacement were taken into consideration. A total of 14 implants were placed in healed sites and 16 implants were placed in freshly extracted sockets and immediately loaded in both groups. Provisional restoration was delivered on the same day of implant placement. Crestal bone loss was evaluated at baseline (immediately after implant placement), 1 month, and 4 months. The final prosthetic restoration was delivered after 4 months following implant placement. Results: No statistically significant difference for crestal bone loss was observed between delayed and immediate implant placement at 4 months interval. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, immediate placement of one-piece implant produced crestal bone loss comparable to delayed placement. The unique design of a one-piece implants eliminates the fixture abutment interface (microgap) and resembles the natural tooth with a seamless transition of the radicular unit to the coronal unit. Therefore, in the maxillary and mandibular anterior regions, one-piece implants with immediate loading can be considered as a viable solution for the replacement of missing teeth with better esthetics.

BACKGROUND In recent days a high success rate has been documented for dental implants as a treatment option for missing teeth replacement. Low level laser therapy (LLLT) is a novel therapeutic modality reported to enhance bone healing. Few studies reported that LLLT enhances proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts and also reduces postoperative pain. The purpose of this study was to assess if post-operative lowlevel laser irradiation of the implant site has any influence on crestal bone loss and pain reduction around dental implants. METHODS In this split mouth randomised study, 9 subjects with bilateral edentulous sites in the mandibular posterior region willing for replacement were taken into consideration. A total of 30 implants were placed on either side of the mandible followed by Low Level Laser irradiation on the test side immediately after implant placement, on 4th and 7th day. Crestal bone level assessment was done radiographically at 3 months and post-operative pain was assessed using visual analogue scale (VAS) scoring by patients from baseline to 6 days. Statistical analysis was done using unpaired t test for inter group crestal bone loss and Mann-Whitney U test for intergroup pain reduction scores. RESULTS The mean crestal bone loss of control group was 1.40 with a standard deviation of 0.39 and for test group it was 0.76 with a standard deviation of 0.26. A significant difference was observed between control and test groups with respect to crestal bone loss scores at 3 months. On comparing VAS pain scores between the two groups from day 1 to 6, significant difference between the groups was observed on day 2, 3 and 4 with P-values 0.042, 0.0011, 0.0036 respectively. CONCLUSIONS Low level irradiation around the dental implants showed a significant reduction in crestal bone loss and post-operative pain. KEY WORDS Dental Implant, Low Level Laser Therapy, Crestal Bone Loss, Post-Operative Pain

Dental implants have been used for missing teeth replacement with a high success rate. Melatonin is an antioxidant and acts as a free radical scavenger. It retards the resorption of bone by regulating RANKL and OPG synthesis, and increases the BIC (Bone to implant contact) and also bone perimeter and bone mineralization. Objective: The aim of the study was to assess if topical melatonin application at the osteotomy site has any influence on the stability and marginal bone level around the implant Methods: In this split mouth double blind randomized control trial 30 implants were placed on either side of the mandible in which test sites were irrigated with melatonin solution prior to the implant placement and the control site on the other side was irrigated with normal saline. Crestal bone level and implant stability assessment was done at baseline and 3 months. Results: A significant difference was observed between the groups with respect to crestal bone loss scores at 3 months. Regarding implant stability a significant difference(p<0.05) was observed within the groups at baseline and 3 months and also between the groups at 3 months only. Conclusion: Melatonin showed a statistically significant reduction in crestal bone loss and an increase in implant stability.