Watermelon or Citrullus lanatus is a common fruit for daily consumption in Indonesia. The anthocyanin and flavonoid in watermelon rind serve a good antioxidant effect for protecting human body health from free radical damage. The objective of the present work is to observe and calculate the amount of anthocyanin and flavonoid in watermelon rind with two different colourscolours of fruit flesh harvested in Indonesia, that are red and yellow. Total polyphenol content was also observed in this work. Total anthocyanin content was derived in this study was (0.02±0.000) up to (0.05±0.000) mg/L and the lowest and highest value were found in MTK and MK, respectively. For total flavonoid content, the value in a range between (0.71±0.000) mg/L and (1.63±0.002) mg/L. The polyphenol value was between (0.38±0.002) mg/mL and (0.57±0.001) mg/mL. The lowest and highest values of flavonoid and polyphenol were found in MTK and KK. This work provided information on three compounds that will be useful.
The trend of using natural fibers as green filler in the fabrication of polymer composites is increasing. One of these natural fibers is date palm fiber (DPF). Date palm fiber is considered as agricultural waste in certain areas, such as Middle East countries. Therefore, the utilization of this fiber in the composites fabrication is an interesting topic of research. In the current study, composites were prepared by melt blending DPF with high density polyethylene (HDPE). Five different DPF loadings were studied (i.e. 0, 5, 10, 20, 30 wt%). The effect of the DPF loadings on the mechanical properties and water absorption behavior of the composites were investigated. The tensile test result showed that tensile strengths of all the composites samples were all higher than the neat HDPE with the maximum improvement was achieved at the DPF loading of 5 wt% (i.e. DFC-5), which was about 19.23 MPa (138% higher than the neat HDPE). Whereas, the flexural test result showed that the flexural strength of the composites slightly increased compared to that of the neat HDPE only until 5 wt% DPF loading (i.e. DFC-5). Afterward, the flexural strength of the DFC-10 was equal to that of the neat HDPE, and decreasing with further increase of DPF loadings. Additionally, the water absorption test result showed that the water absorption rate and uptake of water (at equilibrium) increased with the increase of DPF loading.
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