This paper present the conversion of cellulose based on water hyacinth into hydrogel. The water hyacinth cellulose was prepared using acid-alkaline treatment and bleaching. The cellulose properties was optimized by varying the extraction condition such as solvent concentration and temperature. The analysis method of FTIR and XRD were used for characterizing the functional groups and crystallinity of cellulose. The effective condition of extraction were achieved at solvent concentration 17.5% w/w of NaOH, 8% v/v of H2O2 as bleaching agent and temperature of 80°C. The extracted cellulose was used to produced hydrogels using polyvinyl alcohol and glutaraldehyde as crosslinker agent. The research revealed that adding of glutaraldehyde with ratio 1:2 at 25°C give the highest water absorption capacity of 285%.
Abstract. Tri Acetyl Glycerol or triacetin is one of the glycerol derivative products which can be used as additives in liquid fuels (octane boosters) to reduce knocking on the machine. The use of triacetin as octane booster is considered very promising because it comes from renewable and environmentally friendly raw materials. The resulting glycerol-based additives are suitable for gasoline, biodiesel and diesel. In this study glycerol esterification with acetic acid over Lewatit catalyst was investigated. The effects of various parameters, such as reaction temperature, weight of catalyst and molar ratio of glycerol to acetic acid were studied and the optimum condition for the triacetin synthesis are 100 o C, 1: 7 mole of ratio and 3% weight of catalys
In recent years, polymer-based nanocomposites have been investigated by many researchers due to their enhanced properties. Different types of nanomaterials have been used to produce polymer nanocomposites. One of them is nano-CaCO3. In the present work, nano-CaCO3 material reinforced polypropylene (PP) nanocomposites have been fabricated by melt compounding the PP pellets and nano-CaCO3 masterbatch. The effect of four different loadings of nano-CaCO3 (0, 5, 10, 15 wt%) on the melt rheological properties of the nanocomposites has been investigated. The morphology of the nanocomposites was analyzed by a Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) to study the dispersion state and distribution of nanoCaCO3 particles in PP matrix. Whereas, the melt rheological behavior of the nanocomposites was analyzed by an oscillatory rheometer. The FESEM micrographs showed that the nano-CaCO3 particles were well dispersed and distributed in the PP matrix. Additionally, the melt rheological analysis results showed that the complex viscosity of all nanocomposites samples were higher than that of neat PP and increased with increasing nano-CaCO3 loadings. Furthermore, the complex viscosity data from the rheological test has been fitted by Carreau-Yasuda equation and it was found to be well fitted.
The trend of using natural fibers as green filler in the fabrication of polymer composites is increasing. One of these natural fibers is date palm fiber (DPF). Date palm fiber is considered as agricultural waste in certain areas, such as Middle East countries. Therefore, the utilization of this fiber in the composites fabrication is an interesting topic of research. In the current study, composites were prepared by melt blending DPF with high density polyethylene (HDPE). Five different DPF loadings were studied (i.e. 0, 5, 10, 20, 30 wt%). The effect of the DPF loadings on the mechanical properties and water absorption behavior of the composites were investigated. The tensile test result showed that tensile strengths of all the composites samples were all higher than the neat HDPE with the maximum improvement was achieved at the DPF loading of 5 wt% (i.e. DFC-5), which was about 19.23 MPa (138% higher than the neat HDPE). Whereas, the flexural test result showed that the flexural strength of the composites slightly increased compared to that of the neat HDPE only until 5 wt% DPF loading (i.e. DFC-5). Afterward, the flexural strength of the DFC-10 was equal to that of the neat HDPE, and decreasing with further increase of DPF loadings. Additionally, the water absorption test result showed that the water absorption rate and uptake of water (at equilibrium) increased with the increase of DPF loading.
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