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<p>Eceng gondok (Eichornia crassipes) merupakan tanaman yang menjadi limbah perairan dan keberadaannya belum banyak dimanfaatkan. Kandungan selulosa, hemiselulosa, dan lignin di dalamnya dapat dimanfaatkan menjadi biogas melalui proses fermentasi. Penelitian ini mengkaji pengaruh EM4 (Effective Microorganism- 4) terhadap massa, nilai kalor, dan kecepatan pembentukan biogas dari eceng gondok. Percobaan dilakukan dalam anaerobic digester berukuran 4 liter, bahan baku yang digunakan adalah eceng gondok, rumen sapi, dan air dengan variabel penambahan EM4 sebesar 1% dan 0%. Fermentasi dilakukan secara batch dengan pengukuran gas (temperatur, tekanan, dan massa) setiap 7 hari sekali sampai hari ke-35. Sebelum proses fermentasi, dilakukan pengujian terhadap rasio C/N campuran bahan baku. Pembakaran gas dilakukan untuk membuktikan gas yang didapat mengandung metana. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rasio C/N untuk variabel dengan penambahan EM4 1% sebesar 5,33 dan rasio C/N untuk variabel dengan penambahan EM4 0% sebesar 7. Jadi, penambahan EM4 dapat menurunkan rasio C/N. Sementara itu, hasil fermentasinya memperlihatkan bahwa EM4 memperkecil produksi biogas meskipun proses pembentukannya cepat. Massa total biogas yang didapat pada variabel EM4 1% sebesar 1,1 g dan variabel EM4 0% sebesar 1,55 g. Tekanan<br />biogas mengalami fluktuasi (pada variabel EM4 1% sebesar 35,6 cmH2O, sedangkan pada variabel EM4 0% sebesar 40,6 cmH2O). Berdasarkan simulasi menggunakan chemical process simulator software, diketahui heating value biogas sebesar 39.180 kJ/kg.</p><p> </p><p>Water hyacinth (Eichornia crassipes) is a plant that becomes waste and its existence has not been widely used. Content of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin in it can be converted into biogas through a process of fermentation. Study examines the effect of EM4 (Effective Microorganism-4) on the mass, heating value, and the rate of formation of biogas from water hyacinth. An experiments were performed in anaerobic digesters size of 4 liters, the raw material used is water hyacinth, cow's rumen, and water with variable of EM4 addition of 1% and 0%. Fermentation was carried out in batch condition with gas measurement (temperature, pressure, and mass) every 7 days until the 35th day. Before fermentation, the C/N ratio of raw material mixture was analyzed. The gas was burnt to prove that the obtained gas containing methane. Results showed that the C/N ratio for the variable with the addition EM4 1% is 5.33 and C/N ratio for the variable with the addition EM4 0% is 7. Thus, the addition of EM4 can reduce C/N ratio. Despite the formation process is rapid, the results showed that EM4 reduce the biogas production. Total mass of biogas obtained at variable<br />EM4 1% is 1.1 g and variable EM4 0% is 1,55 g. Biogas pressure is fluctuated (at variable EM4 1% is 35.6 cmH2O, EM4 0% is 40.6 cmH2O). Based on simulation using the chemical process simulator software, it is known that biogas heating value is 39,180 kJ/kg.</p>

The objective of the research is to improving students’reading comprehension throughgrammar  translation method toward the tenth grade students, even semester, 2016/2017 academic year of  SMK PrivateTaposDepok.This present classroom action research was mainly aimed to find out the extent of reading comprehension improved through grammar translation method. The subject of the present research were the tenth grade student of SMK Private TaposDepok in academic year 2016/2017 that consisted of 33 males and females, whereas the data collected by interview, data, and observation. The result of the post test in each cycle totally showed that there was significant improvement of the subject’ability in reading comprehension in which their it pointed out that the level improved from insufficient to good. This is evidences with the average reading test in every cycle can improved that is on cycle I=6,76; cycle II=7,35; cycle III=7,80 and the result of the interview concluded that learning reading comprehension through grammar translation method is fun for the students. This research showed positive changing behavior of the subjects in which their attitudes and motivation increased significantly toward reading comprehension. The result of the observation concluded that grammar translation method can improved students’ reading comprehension at tenth grade of SMK Private TaposDepokin Academic 2016/2017. Keywords: Reading Comprehension, Grammar Translation Method

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan berpikir tingkat tinggi (Higher Order Thinking Skills/HOTS) siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal matematika model PISA berdasarkan indikator kemampuan mengevaluasi. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu dokumentasi, tes, dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahsa dari 30 siswa SMP Xaverius 1 Palembang yang telah menyelesaikan soal tersebut, sebanyak 73% kemampuan berpikir tingkat tinggi siswa dikategorikan kurang khususnya pada kemampuan mengevaluasi. Indikator mengevaluasi muncul jika siswa dapat menganalisis masalah dengan baik, memahami maksud pertanyaan dengan tepat, dan memberikan alasan/bukti yang sesuai. Berdasarkan analisis jawaban siswa dan hasil wawancara dapat dikatakan bahwa dari 30 siswa,  hanya 6% saja siswa dikategorikan telah mencapai tahap evaluasi dengan baik dalam menyelesaikan soal matematika model PISA.

Key words : Germination, mindi (M. azedarach), seedling growth, seed size/weight ABSTRAK Pengadaan benih untuk meningkatkan keberhasilan penanaman memerlukan benih dalam jumlah dan mutu yang baik. Permasalahan yang terkadang muncul dalam rangka pengadaan benih adalah menentukan cara seleksi benih yang memiliki mutu fisiologis yang tinggi, salah satunya berhubungan dengan ukuran benih. Benih mindi (Melia azedarach) mempunyai ukuran bervariasi. Penelitian seleksi benih mindi dilakukan karena adanya dugaan bahwa benih berukuran besar memberikan keuntungan dilihat dari mutu fisiologis kerena persediaan cadangan makanan yang lebih mencukupi untuk perkecambahan. Terkait dengan hal tersebut telah dilakukan penelitian dengan tujuan mengetahui pengaruh seleksi benih berdasarkan ukuran dan berat terhadap perkecambahan dan pertumbuhan bibit

Government expenditure for education increases every year for the implementation of education sector including to increase the number of enrollment rate. However, there are some children who do not enroll in school especially senior high school-aged children. This study examines the effects of government spending on education on school enrollment in Indonesia. This research uses cross-sectional data from the National Socioeconomic Survey (Susenas) and the government spending on education data for four years. This study uses probit model by employing the government education spending as the main factor. The control variables used in this study consist of parents’ education, household expenditure, male, urban, birth order, the number of siblings, missing parent, GRDP per capita, year dummy, and interaction terms among some variables. The observation is divided into two groups of age: 7-15 and 16-18. The results show that the government education spending has a positive and significant effect on school enrollment in Indonesia. In addition, the interaction terms show that the government education spending is associated with greater probability of school enrollment for poor children and for the girls.

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