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Background: Tonsillar herniation is a condition that manifests as herniation of the brain parts, originating from the hindbrain and progressing through the foramen magnum into the cervical vertebral canal. Although the etiology of tonsillar herniation is unclear, it has been suggested that it may be congenital or acquired. In particular, there is speculation that primary mesodermal insufficiency may affect the size of the posterior cranial fossa.

Radiologically recognising pneumatisation and anatomical variations of the ACP may be helpful in decreasing the incidence of surgical complications during anterior clinoidectomy.

Background: The face is a complicated structure configurations of which are originated and components integrated during the developmental stages. Almost the whole of face is formed by neural crest cells migrating from the edge of the cranial neural folds to the pharyngeal arcus. Brain is an asymmetric organ both functionally and anatomically. While the left hemisphere is dominant in processing the verbal, mathematical and logical information, the right hemisphere is dominant in processing the perceptual, visible, spatial and artistic information. The functional differences in the left and right brain hemispheres might also cause differences in facial regions developing from the same centres as telencephalon during embryonic period. Therefore; we aimed to perform linear anthropometric measurements and determine whether functional asymmetry of brain creates any change in facial linear measurements, on the faces of students of painting and mathematics departments whose skills are different from each other. Materials and methods: This study was performed on 212 students. A total number of 22 measurements from 17 anthropometric points for each student were done. Measurements were carried out between November 2011 and February 2012. Results: Our findings revealed that there were statistically significant differences between two student groups in the face width, intercanthal distance, mandibular width, nose width, upper lip height and philtrum length. The comparison of genders revealed that there were statistically significant differences between all measured parameters. In addition, all students from both departments had euryprosopic face type when face type points were compared. Conclusions: Those differences might be related to the functional asymmetry of brain. Therefore it could be suggested that the functional asymmetry of brain could cause an asymmetry in the face as well as in the linear anthropometric measurements.

BackgroundThe clivus is a bone region between dorsum cella and foramen magnum. It can be evaluated very clearly in routine brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) dueto its central location.ObjectivesQuantitative and qualitative evaluation of the clivus and its changes according to age in a group of healthy people.Patients and MethodsThe transition of clival bone marrow to fatty marrow by the increasein age is examined by MRI in 105 men and 105 women who had no clival and bone marrow pathology on MRI. The clivus/pons, clivus/CSF intensity values and clival bone marrow imaging patterns according to age groups were prospectively evaluated using a 1.5 Tesla MR device.ResultsWhen age groups were individually compared, there were meaningful statistical differences both in men and women in terms of clivus/CSF and clivus/pons intensity ratios (both Ps < 0.05). Clivus/pons and clivus/CSF intensity ratios were found to be increased with age in all cases. The distribution of age groups according to stages in all individuals was statistically meaningful (P < 0.05). When the appearance patterns of both genders in every ten-fold age were examined, stage III bone marrow was observed more in elder ages.ConclusionsAs a result, besides the fact that standard ranges determined for clivus/CSF, clivus/pons intensity ratios according to age may be used in the assessment of potential pathological cases involving bone marrow; they can also be leading in the diagnosis of bone marrow diseases when taken into consideration together with clinical and laboratory data.

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SUMMARY Objective:The data gathered objectively, and the information which is evidence-based is essential in evaluating both the sufficiency and the efficiency of medical education. Especially the feedback of students insights and suggestions is a good guidance for management of medical training. In this context, in the present study, it has been aimed to determine the thoughts and recommendations of 5th-grade Medical Faculty Students about Clinical Anatomy Course (CAC) by using a questionnaire which is consist of 12 questions. Method: A hundred and forty-four student (81 female and 63 male) volunteered to participate the study and took the questionary. Results: While 86.8 % of the students mentioned that it would be more necessary to take Clinical Anatomy Course during Orthopedics Course, 87.5 % of the student showed their preference for Neurosurgery Course. 75.7 % of the students suggested that it would also be beneficial to add CAC into the Eye Diseases and Otorhinolaryngology Practise in addition to those practices mentioned above. While the allotted time for CAC in the Clinical Practice was found sufficient to only 39.6 % of the student, 31.9 % asked for an increase in duration of CAC. According to 71.5 % of the students, the information should be solidified after the theoretical lectures by practices in which bones, manikins, and cadavers are used effectively. Giving attendance is not favored by 50 % of the students, and almost same amount of the participants (51.4 %) thinks the exam at the end of the class or the course is unnecessary. Conclusions: It has been understood from the positive feedback of the students that CAC which is currently taken during Orthopedics and Neurosurgery Courses facilitates the understanding Clinical Practise topics and it increases the overall success of the students in Clinic. While preparing the medical training curriculum, adding the CAC into the clinical training curriculums when needed may help to increase the overall quality of the medical education. Keywords: Clinical anatomy, questionnaire, medical education. ÖZET Amaç: Tıp eğitiminin yeterliliğinin ve etkinliğinin değerlendirilmesinde somut veriler ve kanıta dayalı bilgiler önemlidir. Özellikle öğrencilerin görüş ve önerilerinin alınması tıp eğitiminin yönlendirilmesinde yol gösterici olmaktadır. Bu sebeple, çalışmamızda oniki sorudan oluşan anket formu uygulanarak, C.Ü. tıp fakültesi beşinci sınıf öğrencilerinin klinik anatomi dersi hakkındaki düşünceleri ve önerilerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Çalışmaya anket sorularını cevaplamayı kabul eden 81'i kadın, 63'ü erkek 144 gönüllü öğrenci dahil edildi. Bulgular: Öğrencilerin % 86.8'i ortopedi, % 87.5'i beyin cerrahi stajları içerisinde verilmekte olan klinik anatomi dersinin gerekli olduğunu düşünürken, %75.7'si bu stajlara ek olarak özellikle göz ve KBB stajları içerisinde de klinik anatomi dersinin faydalı olacağını belirtmiştir. Stajlar içerisinde klinik anatomi dersi için ayrılan süreyi öğrencilerin % 39.6'sı yeterli bulurken, %31.9'u ders saatlerinin ar...

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