The effect of the functional asymmetry of the brain on face morphometry in the university students of mathematics and painting department

Abstract

Background: The face is a complicated structure configurations of which are originated and components integrated during the developmental stages. Almost the whole of face is formed by neural crest cells migrating from the edge of the cranial neural folds to the pharyngeal arcus. Brain is an asymmetric organ both functionally and anatomically. While the left hemisphere is dominant in processing the verbal, mathematical and logical information, the right hemisphere is dominant in processing the perceptual, visible, spatial and artistic information. The functional differences in the left and right brain hemispheres might also cause differences in facial regions developing from the same centres as telencephalon during embryonic period. Therefore; we aimed to perform linear anthropometric measurements and determine whether functional asymmetry of brain creates any change in facial linear measurements, on the faces of students of painting and mathematics departments whose skills are different from each other. Materials and methods: This study was performed on 212 students. A total number of 22 measurements from 17 anthropometric points for each student were done. Measurements were carried out between November 2011 and February 2012. Results: Our findings revealed that there were statistically significant differences between two student groups in the face width, intercanthal distance, mandibular width, nose width, upper lip height and philtrum length. The comparison of genders revealed that there were statistically significant differences between all measured parameters. In addition, all students from both departments had euryprosopic face type when face type points were compared. Conclusions: Those differences might be related to the functional asymmetry of brain. Therefore it could be suggested that the functional asymmetry of brain could cause an asymmetry in the face as well as in the linear anthropometric measurements.

Automatic segmentation of the cerebellum using volBrain software in normal paediatric population

“…Although these researchers indicated a trend for the effect of gender × age for the cerebellum, as in other brain areas, they noted that these differences were not statistically significant (Holland et al, 2014). In line with the findings of a previous study evaluating cerebellum volumes in the 6–9, 10–13 and 14–17 age ranges, there were no statistically significant volumetric differences between the sexes in all age groups in current study (Kosar et al, 2012). In addition, our study partially confirmed the findings of a previous study that reported asymmetry for the cerebellar hemispheres (Giedd et al, 1996).…”

“…Neurogenesis of the cerebellum begins at the 13th week of pregnancy and continues until the second year after birth (Tuna et al, 2014). Cerebellar structures mature actively during childhood and adolescence (Kosar et al, 2012; Oliveira et al, 2021). It has been reported that especially the cerebellum reaches the highest volumetric maturity between the ages of 10 and 13 in both genders (Kosar et al, 2012).…”

“…Cerebellar structures mature actively during childhood and adolescence (Kosar et al, 2012; Oliveira et al, 2021). It has been reported that especially the cerebellum reaches the highest volumetric maturity between the ages of 10 and 13 in both genders (Kosar et al, 2012). Similar evidence pointed out that the volumetric changes of the cerebellum with age continue until about 11 years of age and may continue for a few more years in boys than in girls (Brain Development Cooperative Group (BDCG), 2012; Tiemeier et al, 2010).…”

“…In another study, total cerebellum volume was compared with stereological methods using MRI in three groups of 90 healthy individuals (40 males, 50 females) aged 6–9, 10–13 and 14–17 (Kosar et al, 2012). We believe that our study will offer diversity compared with previous studies, for example, age groups are classified into four different groups based on international reports and each volume in the lobular areas as well as the total volume of the cerebellum is handled separately in age groups.…”

Craniofacial Anthropometry of Healthy Turkish Young Adults: Analysis of Head and Face

“…As for n-st values, in previous studies 2,8,15,16,45,46,57 this distance has been reported as ranging from 73.5 to 79.2 mm in males, and 68.84 to 76.1 mm in females. The present study's results were found to be close to the upper limit of the range in the literature (Supplementary Digital Content, Table 5, http://links.lww.com/ SCS/C32).…”