Overweight and obesity in childhood are associated with early cardiovascular dysfunction and promote heightened risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in adulthood. Waist circumference (WC) correlates with visceral obesity, which is why obese children with elevated WC need to be carefully monitored to prevent long-term cardio-metabolic complications. The purpose of our study was to establish if WC could be a predictor of cardiovascular complications in children. The authors conducted a retrospective study that included 160 overweight and obese children and adolescents, aged 6 to 18 years. Patients were evaluated completely anthropometrically, biologically, and imagistic. The anthropometric data tracked were height, weight, WC, and body mass index. Echocardiography evaluated the following parameters: the interventricular septum, left ventricular mass, the relative thickness of the ventricular wall, the pathological epicardial fat. Our results confirm that the presence of visceral obesity was significantly associated (χ 2 = 11.72, P = .0006) with pathological epicardial fat. In children, visceral obesity is not a risk factor for vascular or cardiac impairment, but in adolescents, the results showed that visceral obesity is an important predictive factor for the occurrence of vascular (AUC = 0.669, P = .021) and cardiac (AUC = 0.697, P = .037) impairment. Concentric left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy is significantly influenced by the presence of visceral obesity (AUC = 0.664, P = .013 children; AUC = 0.716, P = .026 adolescents). WC above the 90th percentile is a predictive factor for increased LVM index and concentric hypertrophy in both children and adolescents.
The corpus callosum is the largest white matter structure connecting the two cerebral hemispheres. Agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC), complete or partial, is one of the most common cerebral malformations in humans with a reported incidence ranging between 1.8 per 10,000 livebirths to 230–600 per 10,000 in children and its presence is associated with neurodevelopmental disability. ACC may occur as an isolated anomaly or as a component of a complex disorder, caused by genetic changes, teratogenic exposures or vascular factors. Genetic causes are complex and include complete or partial chromosomal anomalies, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive or X-linked monogenic disorders, which can be either de novo or inherited. The extreme genetic heterogeneity, illustrated by the large number of syndromes associated with ACC, highlight the underlying complexity of corpus callosum development. ACC is associated with a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations ranging from asymptomatic to neonatal death. The most common features are epilepsy, motor impairment and intellectual disability. The understanding of the genetic heterogeneity of ACC may be essential for the diagnosis, developing early intervention strategies, and informed family planning. This review summarizes our current understanding of the genetic heterogeneity in ACC and discusses latest discoveries.
New mesoionic 4-(2-dialkylamino-1,3-dithiol-2-ylium-4-yl)phenolates have been obtained from the corresponding 1,3-dithiolium salts under weak basic conditions. The 1,3-dithiolium salts have been synthesized by the cyclocondensation of 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-oxaethan-2-yl dithiocarbamates. The latter compounds have been obtained from the reaction of the 2-bromo-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethan-1-one with various salts of dithiocarbamic acids. UV-Vis investigations proved the intramolecular charge transfer for the mesoionic 1,3-dithiolium phenolates.
Modern medicine has a vast set of antibiotics frequently prescribed in therapeutic practice. Beta-lactam antibiotics are often indicated in prophylaxis and treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible microorganisms. This work concerned on analysis of antibiotic structure influence on antibiotic resistance knowing that a wide variety of bacteria developed different mechanism that make bacteria resistant to some or to nearly all antibiotics. The emergence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens is a relevant area of study in medical practice. Furthermore, multi-drug resistance is a worldwide healthcare issue tightly connected to hospital acquired infections.
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