We describe a systematic approach to the ultrasound (US) examination of the antropyloric region in children. US is the modality of choice for the diagnosis of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS). The imaging features of the normal pylorus and the diagnostic findings in HPS are reviewed and illustrated in this pictorial essay. Common difficulties in performing the examination and tips to help overcome them will also be discussed.Main Messages• Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis is defined by thickening of the muscular layer and failure in relaxation of the pyloric canal.• The main diagnostic criterion is a measurement of more than 3mm in thickness of the muscular layer.• Abnormal elongation of the canal is characterised as greater than 12 mm in length.

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Developmental venous anomalies (DVAs) are extremely unusual in the cerebellopontine angle region and internal auditory canal, and constitute a rare etiology of unilateral sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in children. We report, to the best of our knowledge, one of the first documented cases of DVA as a probable cause of unilateral SNHL in a child. Our emphasis is on the radiological features.

We report the MRI and pathological findings of a 53-year-old woman with a giant skull metastasis from a Hürthle cell variant of thyroid's papillary carcinoma. To our knowledge, this is the first case of a skull metastasis from a Hürthle cell variant of thyroid's papillary carcinoma.

Objective: tthis paper reports a case of osteonecrosis of the jaws associated with the use of intravenous bisphosphonates (BRONJ) after extraction of the maxillary right first and second molars. Case report: a 53-year-old male patient with diagnosis of multiple myeloma undergoing treatment at Arthur Siqueira Cavalcanti Institute (HEMORIO) with intravenous bisphosphonate (zoledronic acid), performed dental extractions in a private clinic. Approximately one month later, he complained of pain at the dental extraction site and was referred by the oncologist to the hospital's dental service. Intraoral clinical examination revealed an extensive area with characteristics of bone necrosis and the panoramic radiography revealed a radiolucent area suggestive of bone sequestration. The combination of clinical and radiographic findings confirmed the diagnosis of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (BRONJ). Conclusion: patients under regular continuous use of bisphosphonates must be warned of the possible development of BRONJ after invasive dental procedures and proper guidance must be provided.

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A fascite necrosante (FN) é uma infecção rara e grave que acomete o tecido subcutâneo e a fáscia muscular, progredindo rapidamente e resultando em quadros de necrose extensa. A maioria dos casos ocorre na região de abdômen, extremidades e períneo, sendo menos comum em cabeça e pescoço devido ao alto suprimento vascular nessa região. Porém, a ocorrência de uma fascite necrosante cervical (FNC) pode ser fatal, sendo as causas mais comuns as infecções odontogênicas e faríngeas

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