Background:The SIOP-Renal Tumor Study Group (RTSG) does not advocate invasive procedures to determine histology before the start of therapy. This may induce misdiagnosis-based treatment initiation, but only for a relatively small percentage of approximately 10% of non-Wilms tumors (non-WTs). MRI could be useful for reducing misdiagnosis, but there is no global consensus on differentiating characteristics. Purpose: To identify MRI characteristics that may be used for discrimination of newly diagnosed pediatric renal tumors. Study Type: Consensus process using a Delphi method. Population: Not applicable.

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The commonest urogenital tumours in childhood are Wilms tumour of the kidney and rhabdomyosarcoma in the pelvis. We review these tumours along with other primary renal tumours and less common ovarian and testicular tumours in childhood. Current clinical concepts, relevant staging investigations and imaging features are described.

There has been an improvement in the content of skeletal surveys performed in England, which in part may be due to the publication of the national joint Royal College guidance; however, there remain areas for continued development in order to improve practice further.

We describe a systematic approach to the ultrasound (US) examination of the antropyloric region in children. US is the modality of choice for the diagnosis of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS). The imaging features of the normal pylorus and the diagnostic findings in HPS are reviewed and illustrated in this pictorial essay. Common difficulties in performing the examination and tips to help overcome them will also be discussed.Main Messages• Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis is defined by thickening of the muscular layer and failure in relaxation of the pyloric canal.• The main diagnostic criterion is a measurement of more than 3mm in thickness of the muscular layer.• Abnormal elongation of the canal is characterised as greater than 12 mm in length.