BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Tibetans are the oldest population living permanently at high altitude (4000m). This ethnic group along with Sherpas may have been living at high altitude for longer than any other population. Previous research has shown Tibetans living at high altitude to have superior pulmonary functions. The size of the lungs relative to the size of the person varies depending on ethnic group and a host of environmental factors. Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) measurement is the easiest and cheapest method to evaluate respiratory functions. MVV tests the overall functioning of the respiratory system, the respiratory muscles, airway resistance and compliance of lungs and chest wall. So, the study was carried out to evaluate PEFR and MVV of healthy Tibetans youths born and brought up in India and compare their values with healthy Indian youths, to know whether Tibetans born and brought up in India (sea level) retain better respiratory parameters as their ancestors (born at high altitude). MATERIALS AND METHOD: A comparative study was conducted in which the PEFR and MVV of 50 Tibetan male youths born and brought up in Mundgod, North Karnataka district, Hubli, in the age group of 20-30yrs were compared with 50 Indian male youths matched for age and sex as controls. The PEFR and MVV were measured with spiroanalyser SPL-95. The obtained data was analysed using unpaired student's't' test. RESULTS: The Indian born Tibetan male youths had a PEFR (L/sec) of value 8.18 2.47 where as the corresponding value for Indian male youths was 4.86 1.89. The PEFR was higher in Indian born Tibetan male youths than Indian male youths. This was statistically highly significant at (P<0.001). The Tibetan youths had a MVV (L/min) of value 116.16 25.78 whereas the corresponding value for Indian youths was 101.49 19.21.The MVV was less in Indian youths than Tibetan youths. This was statistically significant at p<0.01. CONCLUSION: Though both Indian born Tibetan male youths and Indian male youths share similar environmental challenges, this difference in PEFR and MVV has shown that Indian born Tibetan male youths have retained better respiratory parameters as their ancestors.
Introduction: The prevalence of diabetes in India according to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), Diabetes Atlas 2015 is reported to be 8.7%. Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder, which results from body’s insensitivity to insulin and affects humankind at an alarming pose. Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) is an important biomarker in assessing glucose level serologically. If HbA1c level is <7% the diabetes is said to be in controlled conditions. Vitamin A and E plays pivotal role as antioxidants in order to control oxidative stress which is an important contributing factor in diabetes mellitus by neutralising free radicals generated. Aim: To assess the antioxidants vitamin A and vitamin E levels in controlled and uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients and also to correlate the vitamin A and E levels with HbA1C in controlled and uncontrolled T2DM patients. Materials and Methods: The present case-control study was conducted for 12 months from January 2019 to December 2019 in the Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College Belagavi, Karnataka, India. The blood samples were collected from KLE’S Dr. Prabhakar Kore Hospital and Medical Research Center, Belagavi, Karnataka, India. A total of 110 subjects were divided into two group’s controlled Group 1 (55) and uncontrolled Group 2 diabetes (55) on the basis of HbA1c levels. Vitamin A and E levels were assessed by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method. HbA1c was estimated by using Bio-Rad D-10 HbA1c program. The data was assessed using Chi-square test, Independent t-test, and Karl-Pearson corelation test. Results: There were a total of 29 males and 26 females in controlled T2DM group and a total of 34 males and 21 females in uncontrolled T2DM group. The mean ages in controlled and uncontrolled T2DM subjects were 57.11±8.82 years and 54.22±7.93 years respectively. The HbA1c (%), vitamin E and vitamin A in controlled T2DM subjects were 6.01±0.56 years, 1.01±0.43 years and 21.66±7.94 years respectively. The HbA1c (%), vitamin E and vitamin A in uncontrolled T2DM subjects were 9.31±0.25 years, 0.58±0.29 years and 14.66±5.36 years respectively. Corelation of vitamin A and E with HbA1c was found to be non significant statistically. Conclusion: Vitamin A and E levels were comparatively higher in controlled diabetes patients in comparison to uncontrolled T2DM patients.
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