SummaryPolygalacturonases are enzymes with the biotechnological potential for use in fruit juice clarification and for the enhancement of filtration efficiency. The aim of this work was to assess the production of polygalacturonase by the fungus Neosartorya glabra by means of solid-state and submerged fermentation using fruit peel residues as the carbon source, and also apply the enzyme in the clarification and decrease in viscosity of passion fruit and apple juices. The highest polygalacturonase (4.52 U/g/h) production was obtained by means of submerged fermentation in Vogel´s medium (1964) containing orange peel -Bahia variety (Citrus sinensis), at a concentration of 1.5% (w/v, dried mass) at 30-35°C for 72 h. The polygalacturonase of the crude extract presented optimal activity at 60°C and pH 5.5. The enzyme retained around 90% of the initial activity after 180 minutes at 40°C, and 50% of the initial activity after 150 minutes at 50°C. The enzyme was shown to be stable at acid pH values (3.0-6.5) after 120 minutes at 25 o C. All these favourable enzymatic properties make the polygalacturonase attractive for potential uses in the industry of pectin-rich fruit juices, since the application of the crude extract to passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) juice caused an 80% reduction in viscosity and 75% decrease in light absorbance. In the processing of apple pulp juice (Malus domestica), there was a 50% reduction in viscosity and 78% decrease in light absorbance.Keywords: Neosartorya glabra; pectin; polygalacturonase; peel; viscosity.
ResumoPoligalacturonases são enzimas com potencial biotecnológico para aplicação na clarificação de sucos de frutas e para aumento da eficiência da filtragem. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a produção de poligalacturonase pelo fungo Neosartorya glabra, por fermentação submersa e em estado sólido, usando resíduos de casca de frutas como fonte de carbono, além de avaliar também a aplicação desta enzima na clarificação e na diminuição de viscosidade de sucos de maracujá e maçã. A maior produção de poligalacturonase (4,52 U/g/h) foi obtida por fermentação submersa em meio de Vogel (1964) contendo cascas de laranja (Citrus sinensis), variedade Bahia, na concentração 1,5% (m/v, massa seca), a 30-35°C por 72 h. A poligalacturonase do extrato bruto apresentou atividade ótima a 50-60°C e pH 5,5. A enzima reteve cerca de 90% da atividade inicial após 180 minutos, a 40°C, e 50% da atividade inicial após 150 minutos, a 50°C. A enzima mostrou-se estável em pH ácido (3,0 a 6,5) após 120 minutos, a 25°C. Todas estas propriedades enzimáticas fazem desta poligalacturonase uma alternativa atrativa para a aplicação na indústria de sucos de frutas ricas em pectina, uma vez que a aplicação do extrato enzimático bruto no processamento de suco de polpa de maracujá (Passiflora edulis) causou uma redução da viscosidade de 80% e uma diminuição da absorbância da luz de 75%. No processamento de suco de polpa de maçã (Malus domestica), houve uma redução da viscosidade de 50% e uma diminuição da absorbância d...
There is an urgent need for sustainable protein supply routes with low environmental footprint. Recently, the use of hydrogen oxidizing bacteria (HOB) as a platform for high quality microbial protein (MP) production has regained interest. This study aims to investigate the added value of using conditions such as salt and temperature to steer HOB communities to lower diversities, while maintaining a high protein content and a high quality amino acid profile. Pressure drop and hydrogen consumption were measured for 56 days to evaluate autotrophy of a total of six communities in serum flasks. Of the six communities, four were enriched under saline (0.0, 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 mol NaCl l−1) and two under thermophilic conditions (65°C). Five communities enriched for HOB were subsequently cultivated in continuously stirred reactors under the same conditions to evaluate their potential as microbial protein producers. The protein percentages ranged from 41 to 80%. The highest protein content was obtained for the thermophilic enrichments. Amino acid profiles were comparable to protein sources commonly used for feed purposes. Members of the genus Achromobacter were found to dominate the saline enrichments while members of the genus Hydrogenibacillus were found to dominate the thermophilic enrichments. Here we show that enriching for HOB while steering the community toward low diversity and maintaining a high quality protein content can be successfully achieved, both in saline and thermophilic conditions.
IMPORTANCE Alternative feed and food supply chains are required to decrease water and land use. HOB offer a promising substitute for traditional agricultural practice to produce microbial protein (MP) from residual materials and renewable energy. To safeguard product stability, the composition of the HOB community should be controlled. Defining strategies to maintain the stability of the communities is therefore key for optimization purposes. In this study, we use salt and temperature as independent conditions to stabilize the composition of the HOB communities. Based on the results presented, we conclude that HOB communities can be steered to have low diversity using the presented conditions while producing a desirable protein content with a valuable amino acid profile.
Enzyme cocktails can alter the lignin and hemicellulose content in wood cell walls, improving the bleaching process during pulp production and offsetting the need for toxic chemicals. In this study, brown pulp was biobleached with a mixture of crude fungal extracts rich in xylanase and laccase, respectively produced from Aspergillus tamarii Kita and Trametes versicolor on waste materials. The optimal conditions for biobleaching were a mixture of xylanase and laccase crude extracts (1 to 2 v/v), at a temperature of 36 °C and a pH of 5.5. The treated brown cellulose pulp showed a reduction in the Kappa number by 1.83 points, representing an efficiency of 20.3%. In addition, the brightness increased by 4.65 points in comparison to the control. Hence, studies involving the application of the standardized cocktail during the hydrolysis of lignocellulosic residues, e.g., barley residue and sugarcane bagasse, led to the formation of 85 g/L and 25 g/L of reducing sugars, respectively. Moreover, the standardized cocktail caused greater deinking of the recycled paper pulp.
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