Domestic wastewater generated from various types of buildings has been recognized to be different to some extent. This research aimed to know the quality, quantity, fluctuation of quality, and fluctuation of quantity of domestic wastewater discharged from office buildings. The composite samples were taken from two office buildings. The black water and gray water were taken from Building A with number of people 53 persons, and the mixed wastewater was taken both from Building A and Building B with number of people 900 persons. The fluctuation and quantity of wastewater were measured every hour from 7 am until 4 pm during the working time. The results showed that the quality of wastewater from office building contained 176 to 238 mg/L COD, 73.06 to 106.51 mg/L TN, and 3.66 to 7.70 mg/L TP with the average of C:N:P ratio was 100:42:2.56. Quantity of wastewater discharged from office buildings were from 39.61 to 49.93 liter/person/day. COD concentration changed significantly during the working time with mean ± standard (252.5±89). The quantity of wastewater varied over time and the peak discharge for black water and gray water were 2.85 litter/person/hour and 3.74 liter/person/hour, which occurred during the beginning of working time and the praying time of muslim Indonesian culture. It suggests that the domestic wastewater from office buildings has specific characteristics and it contains high concentration of nutrient that is required appropriate advanced technology for treating this kind of wastewater.
Abstract. Domestic wastewater from office building has not been maintained well especially in the areas where the sewerage system is unavailable. The aims of this research were to investigate the performance and kinetics of nutrient removal in an on-site domestic wastewater treatment facility which consists of anaerobic and aerobic systems for treating wastewater from office building. The experimental data obtained from the variations of COD:N:P ratio 250:28:2.5, 350:38:2.9, 450:47:3.3, and 600:60:3.7 with three different HRT 48h, 24h, and 12h. A One-way ANOVA was performed to investigate the effects of HRT and initial concentration of TN and TP on the performance of nutrient removal. In order to obtain the kinetic coefficients, First Order, Second Order and Stover-Kincannon Models were employed. The results showed that maximum TN and TP removal efficiency were 56% and 86%, respectively. The results of one-way ANOVA showed that HRT and initial concentration of TN and TP gave the significant effects on nutrient removal (p < 0.05). Second Order and Stover-Kincannon Models were found to be more appropriate models for prediction of TN removal in this facility. Controlling HRT and C: N: P ratio may keep good performance of nutrient removal in this facility.
Pencemaran Sungai Diwak akibat aktivitas industri berdampak terhadap penurunan kualitas air sungai dan tanah, dibuktikan dengan adanya temuan tanaman pertanian abnormal. Penelitian ini bertujuan membuktikan apakah aktivitas industri di Kawasan Industri Bergas telah mencemari air sungai dan tanah di Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) Diwak, serta merekomendasikan strategi pengendalian pencemarannya. Lokasi pengambilan sampel dilakukan berada pada Desa Kedungwuni hingga Diwak dengan membaginya menjadi 3 segmen. Dua belas parameter analisis kualitas air sungai dan lima parameter tanah dianalisis dengan dibandingkan pada baku mutu yang dipersyaratkan. Analisis mutu air sungai menggunakan metode Polution Index (PI), sedangkan strategi pengendalian pencemaran menggunakan analisis Strengths, Weakness, Opportunities, dan Threats (SWOT). Hasil kajian diketahui bahwa Sungai Diwak sudah tidak dapat menerima beban pencemar BODc 8.14 mg.L-1. Beban pencemar sudah melampaui daya tampung alami sebesar 2.22 mg.L-1. Korelasi antara pencemaran Sungai Diwak dengan data penurunan kualitas air sungai dan peningkatan unsur logam berat pada sampel tanah di sekitar DAS Diwak memiliki korelasi positif 99.6%. Strategi upaya pengendalian pencemaran air sungai dan tanah adalah (1) menetapkan kebijakan baku mutu air sungai dan tanah, (2) meningkatkan pemantauan aktivitas industri, kualitas air sungai dan tanah; serta (3) pemberian sanksi dan penghargaan kepada industri maupun masyarakat atas prestasinya dalam mengelola ekosistem.
Higher concentration of nutrients has been characterized from office buildings compared to domestic wastewater. A Modified Septic Tank (MST), which consists of anoxic conditions followed by a Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) is proposed to treat office wastewater. This research investigated the effect of Recirculation Ratio (RR) on organic and nutrient removal in MST. The synthetic wastewater with COD: TN: TP (252:85:3), which is similar to actual office wastewater was used. The experimental data were obtained from three RR values (2, 3 and 4). The results showed COD, TN, NH4, and TP removal ranged from 88% to 90%, 64% to 78%, 68% to 86%, and 56% to 64%, respectively. The effluent concentrations of COD and NH4 ranged from 21 to 30 and 9 to 23 mg/L after applying RR and from 19 to 24 and 27 to 29 mg/L without RR, respectively. RR had the significant effect on organic and nutritional removal (p <0.05). It suggested increasing RR could improve nutrient removal in MST and the stability of NH4 in the effluent needs to be considered.
With the development of the restaurant industry, a series of environmental problems emerged, including high concentrations of oily wastewater. As a developing country, Indonesia has a large amount of effluent produced that is not processed but is discharged directly to the available pool. In order to handle restaurant wastewater, physical and chemical approaches can be combined with biological degradation (biodegradation). This biodegradation can be increased by bacterial acclimatization, namely by the addition of microorganisms that have been developed that can efficiently degrade pollutants in a contaminated environment. Stages of research were carried out by propagation of bacteria (Seeding), then the acclimatization process was carried out to adapt bacteria to waste, biodegradation process, and calculate the growth rate curve of microorganisms. It was found that the half-saturation constant of mixed culture microorganisms to treat restaurant waste was 41,336, with a maximum growth rate of 0.124 per day.
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