The Characteristics of Domestic Wastewater from Office Buildings in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia

Abstract

Domestic wastewater generated from various types of buildings has been recognized to be different to some extent. This research aimed to know the quality, quantity, fluctuation of quality, and fluctuation of quantity of domestic wastewater discharged from office buildings. The composite samples were taken from two office buildings. The black water and gray water were taken from Building A with number of people 53 persons, and the mixed wastewater was taken both from Building A and Building B with number of people 900 persons. The fluctuation and quantity of wastewater were measured every hour from 7 am until 4 pm during the working time. The results showed that the quality of wastewater from office building contained 176 to 238 mg/L COD, 73.06 to 106.51 mg/L TN, and 3.66 to 7.70 mg/L TP with the average of C:N:P ratio was 100:42:2.56. Quantity of wastewater discharged from office buildings were from 39.61 to 49.93 liter/person/day. COD concentration changed significantly during the working time with mean ± standard (252.5±89). The quantity of wastewater varied over time and the peak discharge for black water and gray water were 2.85 litter/person/hour and 3.74 liter/person/hour, which occurred during the beginning of working time and the praying time of muslim Indonesian culture. It suggests that the domestic wastewater from office buildings has specific characteristics and it contains high concentration of nutrient that is required appropriate advanced technology for treating this kind of wastewater.

The Fluctuation of Domestic Wastewater Discharged From Office Building

“…Moreover, the fluctuation of quantity of mixed wastewater from this research was quite similar to the previous research, which was conducted [14] and it was high during the praying time. The quantity of mixed wastewater discharge from office building B was varying from 39.61 to 49.93 l/p/d with mean ± standard deviation (44.77 ±7.3).…”

Pengolahan Air Limbah Domestik Dengan Tanaman Air Pada Parameter Cod, Bod Dan Do

“…Ini telah meningkat pesat selama dekade terakhir. Sumber air utama adalah polusi air limbah domestik (Setiyawan, 2018) Pada proses pengolahan air limbah dengan teknologi lahan basah buatan dapat terjadi melalui proses fisika, kimia, dan biologis yang merupakan hubungan antara mikroorganisme . Lahan basah buatan terbagi menjadi dua tipe yaitu lahan basah buatan tanaman air muncul dan tanaman air mengapung.…”

Domestic Wastewater Treatment Using Vermifilter Combined With Canna Indica

“…The majority of domestic waste is discharged directly into sewers without treatment, so it is feared that it can cause pollution of rivers, lakes, and other surface waters (Va et al, 2018). Domestic waste includes organic substances, pathogenic bacteria, heavy metals, nitrogen, and phosphorus.…”

“…Untreated domestic waste can pollute the aquatic ecosystem (Hamad, 2020;Nurhayati et al, 2019). Office building wastewater in one city contains Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) 106 mg/L -432 mg/L, Dissolved Oxygen (DO) 3.2 mg/L, and Total phosphate (TP) 3.66 mg/L (Va et al, 2018). Domestic waste treatment should use easy processing of operation and maintenance, does not require large land, can be done on an individual scale, and is environmentally friendly (Adugna et al, 2019;Samal et al, 2018b).…”