The aim of the present work was to compare the effect of ultralow oxygen (ULO) with dynamic controlled atmosphere (DCA) and controlled atmosphere (CA) on the post storage quality of 'Royal Gala' and 'Galaxy' apples after long-term storage. Two experiments were carried out with 'Royal Gala' and 'Galaxy' apples, in the years 2012 and 2013, respectively. A higher internal ethylene concentration was observed in fruits stored under CA; intermediate concentration in fruits under ULO; and the lowest by fruits stored under DCA-CF (DCA based on chlorophyll fluorescence). Flesh firmness was higher in fruits stored under DCA-CF and ULO differing from CA, in the year 2012, but in 2013 fruits stored under ULO showed the highest flesh firmness, differing from CA fruits. DCA-CF is efficient in quality maintenance of 'Royal Gala' and 'Galaxy' apples. Both 'Gala' mutants stored under ULO show a similar quality maintenance to those stored under DCA-CF.

The aim of this work was to assess the profile of volatile compounds in 'Royal Gala' apples stored under controlled atmosphere (CA), with O(2) levels ranging from 1.0kPa to as low as 0.5kPa during 8months (0.5°C), followed by 7days of shelf-life at 20°C. Volatile compounds were collected via solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and analysed by gas chromatography. Straight and branched-chain esters exhibited a distinct pattern. The emission of straight-chain esters decreased under extremely low O(2) (0.5kPa), while branched-chain esters were not significantly affected in such condition. 2-Methyl-butyl acetate, a significant contributor to the 'Royal Gala' aroma, was higher in intermediate O(2) concentration, suggesting that lowering the O(2) levels down to 0.7kPa does not negatively affect the volatile composition of 'Royal Gala' apples, as compared to the standard CA (1.0kPa O(2)). The remaining volatile compounds were not strongly affected by storing fruits under extremely low O(2).

No abstract

RESUMO -Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a qualidade da maçã 'Maxi Gala' submetida a diferentes combinações de níveis de O 2 e CO 2 , temperaturas e perda de massa durante o armazenamento. O experimento foi conduzido em um delineamento inteiramente casualisado em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repetições de 25 frutos. Os tratamentos originaram-se da combinação de diferentes condições de atmosfera controlada (AC) em duas temperaturas (0,5 °C e 1 °C), que foram: (1) 1,2 kPa O 2 + 2,5 kPa CO 2 + 3,5% de perda de massa (PM); (2) 1,2 kPa O 2 + 2,5 kPa CO 2 ; (3) 1,2 kPa O 2 + 2,0 kPa CO 2 ; (4) 1,0 kPa O 2 + 2,0 kPa CO 2 ; (5) 0,8 kPa O 2 + 2,0 kPa CO 2 ; e (6) 0,8 kPa O 2 + 1,5 kPa CO 2 . As melhores condições para o armazenamento da maçã 'Maxi Gala' foram as pressões parciais 0,8 a 1,0 kPa O 2 associada com 2,0 kPa CO 2 ou 0,8 kPa O 2 com 1,5 kPa CO 2 na temperatura de 1 °C. Nessas condições ocorre maior manutenção da firmeza da polpa, redução na ocorrência de degenerescência senescente e a polpa farinácea. A perda de massa de 3,5% em AC com 1,2 kPa O 2 + 2,5 kPa CO 2 na temperatura de 1 °C também é eficiente na manutenção da qualidade desta maçã. Palavras-chave:Frutas. Pós-colheita. Perda de massa. Distúrbios fisiológicos.ABSTRACT -The objective of this study was to assess the quality of the 'Maxi Gala' apple under different mixtures of O 2 and CO 2 , temperature and mass loss during storage. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomised design in a system of split-plots, with four replications of 25 fruits. The treatments, derived from the combination of various conditions of controlled atmosphere (CA) at two temperatures (0.5 °C and 1 °C), were: (1) 1.2 kPa O 2 + 2.5 kPa CO 2 + 3.5% mass loss (ML); (2) 1.2 kPa O 2 + 2.5 kPa CO 2 ; (3) 1.2 kPa O 2 + 2.0 kPa CO 2 ; (4) 1.0 kPa O 2 + 2.0 kPa CO 2 ; (5) 0.8 kPa O 2 + 2.0 kPa CO 2 ; and (6) 0.8 kPa O 2 + 1.5 kPa CO 2 . The best conditions for the storage of the 'Maxi Gala' apple were those with partial pressures of 0.8 to 1.0 kPa O 2 associated with 2.0 kPa CO 2 or 0.8 kPa O 2 with 1.5 kPa CO 2 at a temperature of 1°C. Under these conditions flesh firmness is maintained for longer, with a greater reduction in flesh breakdown and mealiness. A weight loss of 3.5% in CA with 1.2 kPa O 2 to 2.5 kPa CO 2 at a temperature of 1°C is also effective in maintaining the quality of this apple.

No abstract

-The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of growth regulators on gas diffusion and on metabolism of 'Brookfield' apple, and to determine their correlation with quality characteristics of fruit stored in controlled atmosphere. A completely randomized design was used with four replicates. After eight months of storage, the effects of water (control), aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG), AVG + ethephon, AVG + naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), ethephon + NAA, sole NAA, 1-MCP, ethylene absorption by potassium permanganate (ABS), AVG + ABS, and of AVG + 1-MCP -applied at different rates and periods -were evaluated on: gas diffusion rate, ethylene production, respiratory rate, internal ethylene concentration, internal CO 2 content, mealiness, and intercellular space. Fruit from the control and sole NAA treatments had the highest mealiness occurrence. Growth regulators significantly changed the gaseous diffusion through the pulp of 'Brookfield' apple, mainly in the treatment AVG + ABS, which kept the highest gas diffusion rate. NAA spraying in the field, with or without another growth regulator, increased ripening metabolism by rising ethylene production and respiration rate, and reduced gas diffusion during shelf life. AVG spraying cannot avoid the ethephon effect during the ripening process, and reduces both the internal space and mealiness incidence, but it is not able to induce ethylene production or to increase respiration rates.Index terms: Malus domestica, aminoethoxyvinylglycine, ethylene absorption, fruit quality, 1-methylcyclopropene. Efeito de reguladores de crescimento na difusão de gases e no metabolismo de maçãs 'Brookfield' em armazenamento em atmosfera controladaResumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de reguladores de crescimento na difusão de gases e no metabolismo de maçãs 'Brookfield', e determinar sua correlação com características dos frutos armazenados em atmosfera controlada. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições. Após oito meses de armazenamento, os efeitos de água (controle), aminoetoxivinilglicina (AVG), AVG + ethephon, AVG + ácido naftalenoacético (ANA), ethephon + ANA, somente ANA, 1-MCP, absorção de etileno por permanganato de potássio (ABS), AVG + ABS, e de AVG + 1-MCP -aplicados em diferentes doses e épocas -foram avaliados sobre: taxa de difusão de gases, produção de etileno, taxa respiratória, concentração interna de etileno, concentração interna de CO 2 , polpa farinácea e espaço interno. Frutos dos tratamentos controle e ANA sozinha apresentaram a maior ocorrência de polpa farinácea. Os reguladores de crescimento modificaram significativamente a difusão gasosa pela polpa de maçãs 'Brookfield', principalmente no tratamento AVG + ABS, que manteve a maior taxa de difusão de gases. A aplicação de ANA no campo, com ou sem outro regulador de crescimento, acelerou o metabolismo de amadurecimento, pelo aumento na produção de etileno e na taxa respiratória, e reduziu a difusão de gases durante a vida de prateleira. Ap...

Evaluation of strawberry genotypes on the quality and storage potentialThe objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of strawberry cultivars and clones, and their potential for storage under refrigeration. The experimental design was a randomized block design with four replicates of approximately 150 g each. The treatments consisted in the evaluation of three cultivars and four clones, namely: LBH 15.1 Arazá, SGH 140.3 Guenoa, LBF 236.3 Yvapitá, LBG 121.4, LBK 16.1, LBK 35.1 and LBK 28.1. Evaluations were made at harvest and after ten days of storage at -0.5 ºC, plus two days at 20 ºC. The parameters evaluated were firmness, acidity, soluble solids, TSS/ TTA ratio, ascorbic acid, presence of rotting and weight loss. In terms of quality, cv. Guenoa presented low acidity and high TSS e ascorbic acid, high TSS/TTA ratio and also showed better .1 e LBK 28.1. As avaliações foram realizadas na colheita e dez dias após o armazenamento a -0,5ºC, mais dois dias em temperatura de 20 ºC. As caracterís-ticas avaliadas foram: firmeza de polpa, acidez total titulável, sólidos solúveis totais, relação SST/ATT , ácido ascórbico, podridões e perda de peso. Quanto à qualidade, o cv. Guenoa destaca-se pelo baixo teor de acidez e altos teores de SST e ácido ascórbico, pela alta relação SST/ATT e, também, apresenta melhor conservação, com baixa ocorrência de podridões durante o armazenamento. O cultivar LBF 236.3 Yvapitá e o clone LBK 28.1 apresentam os menores teores de vitamina C e ratio, o que compromete sua qualidade, bem como menor firmeza de polpa e maior susceptibilidade a podridões, apresentando menor potencial de conservação. Os cultivares e clones que apresentaram melhor qualidade na colheita também apresentaram melhor conservação pós-colheita. Palavras-chave:Cultivares, clones, pós-colheita. 543Avaliação de genótipos de morangueiro quanto à qualidade e potencial de armazenamento Rev. Ceres, Viçosa, v. 58, n.5, p. 542-547, set/out, 2011 conservation, presenting low incidence of decay during storage. The cultivar LBF 236.3 Yvapitá and the clone LBK 28.1 showed the lowest vitamin C content and TSS/TTA ratio, which compromises its quality. The quick reduction of firmness and increased susceptibility to decay presented by LBF236.3 Yvapitá and LBK 28.1 show a low potential for conservation under refrigeration. Cultivars and clones that had higher quality at harvest, also showed better post-harvest conservation.

No abstract