Introduction:Psychiatric disorders form an important public health priority and major causes of morbidity. Drug utilization studies are a pre-requisite for the formulation of drug policies. This review identifies the problems that arise from drug usage in health care delivery system and highlights the current approaches to the rational use of drugs.
Objectives: to delineate the various drugs used in psychiatric disorders to find discrepancies, if any, between the actual and the ideal prescribing pattern of psychotropic drugs and to assess prevalence of various psychiatric illnesses .
Methodology:
Capsaicin, major capsainoid, derived from dried fruit of chilli pepper, is synthesized in the interlocular septa of chilli peppers by addition of a branched-chain fatty acid to vanillylamine. An extensive, although largely forgotten, literature addresses the utility of the capsaicin therapy as either adjunctive or main treatment strategy for a number of diseases. Topical capsaicin has been shown to improve the outcome in neuropathic and musculoskeletal pain, post herpetic neuralgia, arthritic pain, burning mouth syndrome, pain due to fibromyalgia, psoriatic disorder, burning mouth syndrome, various allergic disorders, and as intranasally for cluster headache. Capsaicin is under development therapy for various diseases, it may develop as a new treatment therapy for a number of diseases in near future. However, studies with systemic ingestion are limited and have been shown gastrointestinal adverse effects, which may be major limitations to systemic capsaicin therapy.
The purpose of this study was to assess the causes of optic disc oedema and their systemic associations and to study the various clinical presentations of optic disc oedema.This is a retrospective observational study which was conducted at Department of Ophthalmology, JLN Medical College, Ajmer. All patients who reported to OPD with Optic disc oedema during the study period (February2020 to August 2021) were evaluated. Complete ophthalmic examination included visual acuity, anterior segment examination using slit lamp, fundus examination using direct and indirect Ophthalmoscope and 90 Dioptre lens, B-scan for optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) and OCT for retinal nerve fibre layer thickness (RNFL) measurement. fundus photography was also done. Investigations like complete blood test, Visual field testing using perimetry, computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging were done as and when indicated. Total 80 optic disc oedema cases were included in our study. Out of 80 cases, 44(55%) and 36(45%) were males and females respectively. Different causes of optic disc oedema were found to be papilloedema 48 cases (60%), optic neuritis 13 cases (16.25%), NA-AION 9 cases (11.25%), CRVO 3 cases (3.75%), diabetic papillopathy 2 cases (2.5%), traumatic optic neuropathy 2 cases (2.5%) respectively. In 3 cases (3.75%) cause could not be detected (idiopathic). The most common cause was papilloedema, followed by optic neuritis and NA- AION
Pharmaceutical procurement is a complex process that involves many steps, agencies, and manufacturers. Procurement lead time is defined as the time required to acquire the supplies and services and then placing them in the hands of the user. This study was done to study the lead time in drugs procurement at Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh. It was aimed at calculating the average lead time in the procurement of drugs for year 2009—2010 in Pharmacy Department. Observational study along with retrospective record analysis was done to calculate the average internal and external lead time. Standardized format was used to retrieve data from the procurement records. Average lead time between the preparation of indent and receipt of drugs was observed to be 162 days, out of which 117 days (71%) accounted for internal lead time and external lead time was 47 days (29%). Internal lead time was approximately four times that of external lead time. Various reasons were noted for longer duration of internal lead time and every effort should be made to bring it down to the minimum, so as to ensure the availability of the right medicine in the right quantity, in the right time at the right place.
How to cite this article
Anand H, Siddharth V, Goyal V, Koushal VK. Lead Time in Drug Procurement: A Study of Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital of North India. Int J Res Foundation Hosp Healthc Adm 2016;4(1):16-19.
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