The article reveals the peculiarities of the Northern Sea route as a key transport route in the Arctic and assesses the current state and prospects for its development. The authors pays attention to the analysis of restructure and growth of the cargo transportation on the Norhten Sea route, as well as measures for its development and improvement of the organizational structure of management, and navigation safety, and also development of port’s infrastructures in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. It is noted that the state corporation Rosatom in late 2018 adopted the functionals of the single infrastructure operator of the Northern Sea route. Measures taken by the government of the Russian Federation to further develop a modern icebreaker fleet are revealed. It is noted that the new approach to the functioning of the Northern Sea route consists in a significant increase in its cargo transportation with the parallel development of Russian Arctic territories within the framework of the pivotal development zones. The authors conclude that the present development of the Northen Sea route is more directed for solving social and economic problems in the Russian Arctic. The article also outlines the perspective international aspects of the development of the Northern Sea route, which are already being implemented.
The article deals with the problem of determining the boundaries of the Arctic territories belonging to the Arctic. The authors identified political, economic and other factors affecting the definition of territories belonging to the Arctic. Documents of subarctic countries, in particular, Canada, USA, Norway, etc., are considered. It is noted that in the Arctic countries there is no universal understanding of the territories belonging to the Arctic and the Arctic zone. It is especially difficult to determine the southern borders of the Arctic. Also there is no international agreement or treaty that unambiguously and unequivocally define the legal status of the Artic. In USSR main criteria for identifying the southern boundary of the Arctic were the Arctic Circle, the mean multiyear 10ºC isotherm of July, and the permafrost zone. However, the use of variables leads to the “mobility” of the Arctic boundaries, especially in the face of climate change on the planet. On the basis of Russian domestic documents, the boundaries of the territories that are included in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation are determined. The authors draw attention to the need for Russia to protect its sovereignty in the Arctic, the elimination and correction of errors in this direction.
Валерий ЖУРАВЕЛЬ * ВЫЗОВЫ И УГРОЗЫ ВОЕННОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ РОССИИ В АРКТИКЕ Аннотация. Статья посвящена анализу вызовов и угроз военной безопасности России в Арктике. Отмечается, что активизация НАТО в Арктическом регионе приводит к переконфигурации отношений в сфере безопасности. В последние годы альянс активизировал свою кампани ю по вовлечению нейтральных государств-Финляндии и Швеции в свои ряды. Потенциальным противником блок НАТО в Арктике видит Россию. В ответ на эти действия Российская Федерация принимает активные меры по укреплению национальной безопасности в этом стратегически важном для неё регионе.
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