The article deals with the production of crops in agriculture using mineral nutrition. A fertilizer system that provides high-quality crop yields with the lowest cost per unit of production, steadily increases the fertility of irrigated soils. When developing the issue of crop planning, it is important to establish scientifically based doses of fertilizers. Stable yields of alfalfa are possible under the conditions of irrigation, fertilizers, plant protection products – a high crop of agriculture. An important stabilizing factor in crop irrigation is forest strips that allow you to maintain the timing of irrigation at wind speeds exceeding the permissible values for sprinklers. Optimal seeding rates and design of forest strips for obtaining high yields of alfalfa on irrigation have been established.
Based on the data of multi-year research (1964-2018), the article gives ecological and economic estimation of crop rotation and pasture rotation affected by agrotechnical and agroforestal activities in the steppe and dry steppe of the Volga region. The agrotechnical technique of soil-slotting with mulching increased the profitability of crop and pasture rotation by 22.2%, compared with controlling. Conducting the complex of anti-erosion measures restores the functions of the soil cover, which results in the increased productivity of agricultural crops and grasses, and consequently, in the increased profitability of the applied agrotechnical and agroforestal techniques. According to regression and correlation analysis, profitability is by 48% related to the productivity of agricultural land and costs of crop and grasses production. Soil-slotting with mulching increases soil fertility, land productivity and profitability.
The article defines a set of measures aimed at preventing erosion by agricultural forestry in agricultural production, taking into account environmental and economic efficiency. By types of agricultural landscape to protect the soil from erosion, research and production experiments on the implementation of sets of measures in the Volga steppe have been designed and laid. The increase in profitability in agricultural production under the influence of anti-erosion techniques depends on the moisture of the growing season, plant growth and the type of agricultural landscape. An economic assessment of the restoration by type of agricultural landscape was conducted on the experimental site of FC Vyazovsky, which serves as a research and production hospital. Capital expenditures for conducting anti-erosion techniques are calculated according to the agricultural steepness types of slope. When calculating capital costs, 5 types of agricultural landscape were combined into 3 groups according to the degree of saturation with anti-erosion techniques, depending on the slope. The ecological and economic efficiency of agro forestry in agricultural production by type of agricultural landscape when using sloping lands in agricultural production has a payback period with reduced erosion.
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