Прикаспийский научно-исследовательский институт аридного земледелия ТЮТЮМА Андрей Владимирович, Прикаспийский научно-исследовательский институт аридного земледелия ТЮТЮМА Никита Андреевич, Волгоградский государственный аграрный университет ДАНИЛОВ Александр Никифорович, Саратовский государственный аграрный университет имени Н.И. Вавилова БЕЛОГОЛОВЦЕВ Владимир Петрович, Саратовский государственный аграрный университет имени Н.И. Вавилова Разработаны элементы агротехнологии возделывания озимой пшеницы, обеспечивающие получение устойчивых урожаев озимой пшеницы на фоне внесения минеральных удобрений в комплексе с внекорневыми (листовыми) обработками стимуляторами роста в условиях «бросовых» полей рисовой оросительной системы (залежь). Установлено, что максимальная урожайность за три года получена на варианте В 2 (Мастер + Мегафол)-5,00 т/га, что на 1,24 т/га (на 33 %) больше, чем на контрольном варианте. Наибольший уровень рентабельности отмечен при обработке озимой пшеницы Лигногуматом (100 г/га)-215,1 %, что на 72,2 % выше контроля.
At present, work is underway in Russia to expand the species diversity of plants, to provide processing enterprises of the light and food industries with domestic raw materials. The purpose of the research is to study the effect of complex mineral fertilizers containing trace elements on the yield of guar grain. The studies were carried out in the soil and climatic conditions of the Lower Don on ordinary chernozem. On average for 3 years the highest yield of 156.0 g / m2 was obtained when applied fractionally, in three terms (in the phases: steming, budding, fruit formation) of complex fertilizer Ecogrinvit legumes in an amount of 6 l / ha (2 l / ha for one feeding) with a consumption rate working solution of 200 l / ha (for one treatment). The effect of fertilizers was 183.6%. Trace elements copper, boron and molybdenum contained in the studied complex fertilizers and applied fractionally to vegetating guar plants act not only as nutrients and as elements protecting plants from pathogens.
The article deals with the production of crops in agriculture using mineral nutrition. A fertilizer system that provides high-quality crop yields with the lowest cost per unit of production, steadily increases the fertility of irrigated soils. When developing the issue of crop planning, it is important to establish scientifically based doses of fertilizers. Stable yields of alfalfa are possible under the conditions of irrigation, fertilizers, plant protection products – a high crop of agriculture. An important stabilizing factor in crop irrigation is forest strips that allow you to maintain the timing of irrigation at wind speeds exceeding the permissible values for sprinklers. Optimal seeding rates and design of forest strips for obtaining high yields of alfalfa on irrigation have been established.
In experiments carried out on ordinary and leached chernozem, the effect of minimizing the methods of basic tillage and biologization on the fertility of these soils was analyzed. The studies were carried out in stationary and short-term experiments from 1984 to 2017. The effect of various methods and depths of the main tillage, autumn tillage systems, and fertilizers (mineral and organic) on the agrophysical, biological and agrochemical indicators of chernozem was studied. Refusal to carry out farewell processing in grain cultivating crop rotation leads to an increase in the differentiation of the arable layer, a decrease in the fertility of its lower part. The use of annual tillage in the crop rotation resulted in a decrease in the humus content in the soil layer of 0–40 cm by 0.17% (after fertilizers application) and by 0.22% (without fertilizers) compared to the dump processing by 20–22 cm. Organic fertilizers in a complex with minerals during farewell processing promotes an increase in the content of humus in comparison with the surface distribution during surface mulch tillage. A decrease in soil fertility and yield of cultivated crops without dump processing is proved.
In 2013-2015 there was studied the effectiveness of products based on humic acids and chelated microfertilizers during red beet cultivation on irrigated dark chestnut soils of the Saratov Transvolga region. The objects of the study were products produced by Life Force LLC, RPE and Bordo red beet variety. The purpose of the research was to determine the most effective application methods of humic acid salts and fertilizers, containing micro (boron, manganese), meso (calcium) and macro (nitrogen), which can increase the productivity of root crops and improve their quality. In field experiments it has been established that spraying vegetative plants of red beet with a solution of Reasil® micro Hydra Mix increased the yield of commercial root crops by 7.17 t/ha for an average of three years (by 28 % to control). The application of a K-Humate-Na increased the yield by 3.26 t/ha (by 13% to the control). The maximum yield of root crops within our experiments was obtained with the application of Reasil B along with Reasil® micro Hydramix (34.02 t/ha). Similar results were obtained with the combination of Reasil® micro Hydramix and Reasil® Carb-N-Humic. As a rule, the fertilizers, applied in the experiments, had a positive effect on the yield of commercial products and lowering the proportion of substandard products. Humic acid salts and chelated fertilizers enhanced the accumulation of dry matter, increased the content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, the amount of sugar and vitamin C in fruits. The content of nitrate nitrogen in fruits was about 13-14 times lower than maximum permissible concentration (MPC). The removal of macronutrients from the soil with the yield of red beet was increased significantly under the influence of humic acid salts and fertilizers.
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