MenACYW-DT was well tolerated and elicited a robust and protective immune response 30 days post-vaccination against meningococcal serogroups A, C, Y, and W-135 in the Indian study participants aged 2-55 years.
Background: Travellers can access online information to research and plan their expeditions/excursions, and seek travel-related health information. We explored German travellers’ attitude and behaviour towards vaccination, and their travel-related health information seeking activities.
Methods: We used two approaches: web ‘scraping’ of comments on German travel-related sites and an online survey. ‘Scraping’ of travel-related sites was undertaken using keywords/synonyms to identify vaccine- and disease-related posts. The raw unstructured text extracted from online comments was converted to a structured dataset using Natural Language Processing Techniques. Traveller personas were defined using K-means based on the online survey results, with cluster (i.e. persona) descriptions made from the most discriminant features in a distinguished set of observations. The web-scraped profiles were mapped to the personas identified. Travel and vaccine-related behaviours were described for each persona.
Results: We identified ~ 2.6 million comments; ~ 880 k were unique and mentioned ~ 280 k unique trips by ~ 65 k unique profiles. Most comments were on destinations in Europe (37%), Africa (21%), Southeast Asia (12%) and the Middle East (11%). Eight personas were identified: ‘middle-class family woman’, ‘young woman travelling with partner’, ‘female globe-trotter’, ‘upper-class active man’, ‘single male traveller’, ‘retired traveller’, ‘young backpacker’, ‘visiting friends and relatives’. Purpose of travel was leisure in 82–94% of profiles, except the ‘visiting friends and relatives’ persona. Malaria and rabies were the most commented diseases with 12.7 k and 6.6 k comments, respectively. The ‘middle-class family woman’ and the ‘upper-class active man’ personas were the most active in online conversations regarding endemic disease and vaccine-related topics, representing 40% and 19% of comments, respectively. Vaccination rates were 54%–71% across the traveller personas in the online survey. Reasons for vaccination reluctance included perception of low risk to disease exposure (21%), price (14%), fear of side effects (12%) and number of vaccines (11%).
Conclusions: The information collated on German traveller personas and behaviours toward vaccinations should help guide counselling by healthcare professionals.
The purified Vero cell rabies vaccine (PVRV; Verorab ® , Sanofi Pasteur) has been used in rabies prevention since 1985. Evolving rabies vaccination trends, including shorter intradermal (ID) regimens with reduced volume, along with WHO recommendation for ID administration has driven recent ID PVRV regimen assessments. Thus, a consolidated review comparing immunogenicity of PVRV ID regimens during pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is timely and beneficial in identifying gaps in current research. A search of seven databases for studies published from 1985 to November 2019 identified 35 studies. PrEP was assessed in 10 studies (n = 926) with 1-3-site, 1-3-visit regimens of up to 3-months duration. Seroconversion (rabies virus neutralizing antibodies [RVNA] ≥ 0.5 IU/mL) rates of 90-100% were reported within weeks, irrespective of regimen, with robust booster responses at 1 year (100% seroconversion rates by day 14 post-booster). However, data are lacking for the current WHO-recommended, 2-site, 1-week ID PrEP regimen. PEP was assessed in 25 studies (n = 2136) across regimens of 1-week to 90-day duration. All ID PEP regimens assessed induced ≥ 99% seroconversion rates (except in HIV participants) by day 14-28. This review confirms ID PVRV suitability for rabies prophylaxis and highlights the heterogeneity of use in the field.
Introduction: The live attenuated Japanese encephalitis chimeric virus vaccine (JE-CV; Imojev Ò) has been approved in South Korea for use in subjects aged C 12 months since 2015. As part of the license agreement, a post-marketing surveillance study was undertaken to actively monitor the safety profile of JE-CV in the Korean population. Methods: An observational, active safety surveillance study was conducted from 3 April 2015 through to 2 April 2019 at 12 centers in South Korea. Subjects aged C 12 months who received a single dose of JE-CV (primary or booster) during a routine healthcare visit were recruited and followed up for solicited reactions (7 and 14 days for injection site and systemic reactions, respectively), non-serious unsolicited adverse events and serious adverse events within 42 days after vaccination. Results: Overall, 810 subjects who received JE-CV were included in our analysis, the majority received the vaccine as a primary vaccination (94.9%; 769/810). There were 179 solicited reactions reported by 111 subjects; the majority of solicited reactions occurred within 0-3 days (80.4%; 144/179), were of 1-3 days' duration (79.3%; 142/179) and of grade 1 intensity (70.9%; 127/179). There were three grade 3 adverse reactions (irritability, pyrexia and malaise); all resolved within a few days. The incidence of solicited reactions were highest in those aged 12 to \ 24 months (34.7% [52/150] subjects; 107 events) and 2 to \ 10 years (17.8% [8/45] subjects; 14 events). All unsolicited adverse events (serious and non-serious) were unrelated to vaccination. There were no discontinuations due to adverse reactions/events. Conclusion: JE-CV has a good safety profile under practice conditions in South Korea. No new safety issues were identified.
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