Grupo focal como técnica de coleta e análise de dados em pesquisas qualitativasThe focal group as a technique for data collection and analysis in qualitative research El grupo focal como técnica para la recolección y el análisis de datos en la investigación cualitativa Dirce Stein Backes* Juliana Silveira Colomé** Rolf Herdmann Erdmann*** Valéria Lerch Lunardi**** RESUMO: O grupo focal se constitui em uma importante técnica de coleta de dados em pesquisas qualitativas. Com o propósito de ampliar a sua utilização e promover os participantes como sujeitos ativos de pesquisas de enfermagem, o presente estudo teve por objetivo propor o grupo focal como técnica de coleta e de análise de dados qualitativos. Tal proposição representa uma nova estratégia metodológica para as pesquisas qualitativas, além de uma possibilidade de instigar novos saberes, de re-significar posturas profissionais e de aproximar a pesquisa dos cenários de prática e vice-versa. PALAVRAS-CHAVE:Pesquisa em Enfermagem. Grupos Focais. Pesquisa Qualitativa. ABSTRACT:The focal group constitutes an important technique for data collection in qualitative research. With the aim of extending its use and to constitute the participants as active subjects of nursing research, the present study aimed at examining the focal group as a technique for data collection and analysis of qualitative data. Such proposal represents a new methodological strategy for qualitative research, in addition to being a possibility to instigate new knowledge, ressignify professional attitudes and to approach research of the settings of practice and vice versa.KEYWORDS: Nursing Research. Focus Groups. Qualitative Research. RESUMEN:El grupo focal constituye una técnica importante para la recolección de datos en la investigación cualitativa. Con la meta de ampliar su uso y constituir a los participantes como sujetos activos de la investigación de cuidado, este estudio tuvo como objetivo examinar el grupo focal como técnica para la recolección de datos y el análisis de datos cualitativos. Tal oferta representa una nueva estrategia metodológica para la investigación cualitativa, además de ser una posibilidad para instigar a nuevos conocimientos, resignificar actitudes profesionales y acercarse a la investigación de los ambientes de práctica y viceversa. PALABRAS-LLAVE:Investigación en Enfermería. Grupos Focales. Investigación Cualitativa. IntroduçãoO campo da pesquisa qualitativa se constitui de diversas possibilidades metodológicas, as quais permitem um processo dinâmico de aderência a novas formas de coleta e de análise de dados. Dentre essas possibilidades, o grupo focal representa uma técnica de coleta de dados que, a partir da interação grupal, promove uma ampla problematização sobre um tema ou foco específico.Apreendido como técnica de coleta de dados, o grupo focal se originou no cenário da pesquisa social, sendo utilizado nas áreas da antropologia, ciências sociais, mercadologia e educação em saúde. Embora tenha se originado da pesquisa social, o grupo focal ficou à margem dos e...

Chronicle Renal Failure is considered a major problem in Public Health. The dyalitic treatment while waiting for the renal transplant means a boost on quality of life. This qualitative study, carried out in Rio Grande-RS, aimed at knowing the perceptions of patients with Chronicle Renal Failure, identifying the elements that influence their quality of life. The results highlighted that the initial feelings of indignation and denial change as they strengthen themselves to face the disease. Restrictions of fluid and eating habits, inability to perform or limitation in activities, professional and leisure, were the main difficulties identified. The support from family members and from health professionals may help to overcome these limitations and adaptation to a new lifestyle.

Objective: To know the strategies of resistance adopted by nursing staff, facing situations of moral distress, from an ethical perspective. Method: The authors conducted qualitative research through semi-structured interviews, with fifteen nursing staff members of a university hospital in the extreme south of Brazil, using textual discourse analysis and the theoretical reference of Foucault. Results: Two categories were constructed: denial of oneself and the other -in which one perceives that the nursing staff can perform actions that are governed predominantly by immobility and conformism, avoiding confrontations with whoever represents power in situations that provoke moral distress in them; possibility to care for oneself and for the other -in which nursing workers in situations that provoke moral distress for them exercise power and endurance.Conclusion: it was perceived that some professionals seem to use ethical coping strategies, in order to ensure and preserve their professional values. However, often the choice of some nursing professionals may be to relapse into immobility and the absence of building strategies of endurance. This situation may represent their reduced exercise of power and insufficient resistance in the face of ethical problems, contributing to the intensification of their invisibility in the area of health.Descriptors: Burnout, Professional; Power; Ethics; Nursing. IntroductionIn daily professional life, many situations seem to reflect suffering and distress for the nursing staff.We highlight the power relationships with patients, supervisors and the various teams in the health area, involving moral issues and values related to identified fragilities in care, insufficient nursing staff, lack of material resources and the predominantly bureaucratic work organization, cold and technical .

Nursing construction image is permeated by historical socioeconomic and cultural aspects. This theme aims to understand the perception of nurses regarding the visibility of nursing staff's daily work. This qualitative research is exploratory, with 30 nurses at a university hospital in southern Brazil. The data was collected from July to October 2012, through semi-structured interviews and submitted for a discursive textual analysis. The results show that nursing visibility is related to a professional historical trajectory, to an absence of recognition of the scientific aspect of Nursing, to erroneous placement in the media, to improper behavior towards the staff and also to work overload. Thus, the demystification of nursing's image includes greater media visibility, conducting personnel marketing, appropriate behavior in front of health staff and professional demonstrations of autonomy, challenges that must be overcome by nursing.

Objective: to analyze the frequency and intensity of moral distress experienced by nursing personnel in southern Brazil, covering elements of their professional practice. Method: a survey was undertaken in two hospitals in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, with 247 nurses. Data was collected by means of the adapted Moral Distress Scale. Results: the perception of situations that lead to moral distress is enhanced in nurses and in nursing staff working in institutions with greater openness to dialogue, which hold team meetings, with fewer working hours and a greater ratio of professionals to patients. Conclusion: understanding moral distress allows us to go beyond solving the problems of the workers themselves, enabling the development of an ethics of active individuals and wide opportunities, defined mainly by the relationship with oneself.Descriptors: Nursing; Nursing Ethics; Burnout. Sufrimiento moral en trabajadores de enfermeríaObjetivo: analizar la frecuencia e intensidad del sufrimiento moral vivido por los profesionales de enfermería del sur de Brasil, abarcando los elementos de su rutina profesional. Método:investigación survey en dos hospitales, con 247 profesionales de enfermería. Los datos fueron recolectados mediante aplicación de la adaptación del Moral Distress Scale. Resultados: la percepción de situaciones que conducen al sufrimiento moral es intensificada en enfermeros; en trabajadores de enfermería que actúan en instituciones con mayor apertura al dialogo, que realizan reuniones de equipo, con menos horas de trabajo y mayor relación del número de profesionales por paciente. Conclusión: entender el sufrimiento moral permite ir más allá de la resolución de los problemas de los propios trabajadores, lo que posibilita la elaboración de una ética de sujetos activos y de amplias posibilidades, definidas principalmente por la relación consigo mismo.

OBJECTIVE: to investigate the burnout syndrome and its relationship with demographic and academic variables among undergraduate nursing students at a public university in Southern Brazil. METHOD: a quantitative study with 168 students, by applying an adaptation of the Maslach Burnout Inventory - Student Survey, validated for this study. We used descriptive and variance analysis of the data analysis. RESULTS: we found that students do not have the burnout syndrome, manifesting high average scores in Emotional Exhaustion, low in Disbelief and high in Professional Effectiveness; that younger students who perform leisure activities have greater Professional Effectiveness, unlike students in early grades with no extracurricular activities; combining work and studies negatively influenced only the Professional Effectiveness factor, while the intention of giving up influenced negatively Disbelief and Professional Effectiveness factors. CONCLUSION: the situations that lead students to Emotional Exhaustion need to be recognized, considering the specificity of their study environments.

Nurses were found to resist in situations where they experienced moral conflicts in relation to the actions of health professionals; however, instances were cited where they did not. Consequently, strategies for nursing education and management are proposed to increase nurses' understanding of the potential acts of resistance that they could employ in situations of moral conflict or concern.

Objective to identify relationships between moral distress and Burnout in the professional performance from the perceptions of the experiences of nursing workers. Methods this is a survey type study with 375 nursing workers working in three different hospitals of southern Rio Grande do Sul, with the application of adaptations of the Moral Distress Scale and the Maslach Burnout Inventory, validated and standardized for use in Brazil. Data validation occurred through factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha. For the data analysis bivariate analysis using Pearson's correlation and multivariate analysis using multiple regression were performed. Results the existence of a weak correlation between moral distress and Burnout was verified. A possible positive correlation between Burnout and therapeutic obstinacy, and a negative correlation between professional fulfillment and moral distress were identified. Conclusion the need was identified for further studies that include mediating and moderating variables that may explain more clearly the models studied.