This study aimed to compare three methods of estimating the optimum plot size to evaluate the fresh matter productivity of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.), slender leaf rattlebox (Crotalaria ochroleuca), and showy rattlebox (Crotalaria spectabilis). Twenty-seven uniformity trials were carried out with pearl millet, slender leaf rattlebox, and showy rattlebox cultivated alone and intercropped. Fresh matter productivity was evaluated in 972 basic experimental units (BEU) of 1 m × 1 m (36 BEU per trial). The optimum plot size was determined using the methods modified maximum curvature, linear response with plateau model, and quadratic response with plateau model. The optimum plot size differs between methods and decreases in the following order: quadratic response with plateau model (9.94 m2), linear response with plateau model (7.41 m2), and modified maximum curvature (3.49 m2). The optimum plot size to evaluate the fresh matter productivity of pearl millet, slender leaf rattlebox, and showy rattlebox cultivated alone or intercropped is 7.41 m2. This size could be used as a reference for future experiments.
The work aims to evaluate the effects of soil cover and soybean cultivars on the qualitative and quantitative attributes of soybeans. The experiment was conducted at Giruá, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The experimental design was a randomized factorial block design, with two cover crops x seven soybean cultivars, disposed in three repetitions. Agricultural characteristics and nutritional attributes of soya were evaluated. The different coverings influenced the soybean performance for the main variables studied, grain yield was maximized in the coverage of Raphanus sativus + Avena strigosa for the cultivar DM 57I52 IPRO, and the greenish grain levels were lower, consequently increasing the percentage of oil content for that same coverage. The components of variance and genetic parameters show that grain yield was influenced by 56% due to the effects of cultivars and 44% coming from the type of soil cover used.
The cultivation of soybeans is the main agricultural commodity in Brazil, the increase in the cultivated area in recent years and the productivity of grains is interconnected with numerous factors such as sowing time, water availability, temperature and photoperiod. The objective of this work was to evaluate the duration of phenological sub-periods and the productivity of soybean cultivars from different groups of relative maturation, sown in two seasons in the off-season in the northwest region of the State of Rio Grande do Sul (RS). The experiment was carried out at Agropecuária Bubans geographically located in the county of Ijuí in the state of RS, considered medium locality. The experiment was carried out using a randomized block design with four replications, the experimental units consisted of four lines, four meters long, 0.50 m apart. The treatments were eight soybean cultivars with different groups of relative maturity (4.8, 5.8, 5.9, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.7 and 7.8) sown on January 5 and 22, 2019 (from agricultural zoning, the preferred season for sowing in this region is from october to december), constituting an 8 x 2 factorial experiment (Cultivars x sowing times). Assessments of the duration of phenological sub-periods and of the yield components of the culture were carried out, being measured with total plant height, first pod insertion height, number of lateral branches, number of reproductive nodes on the main stem, total number of nodes on the main stem, number of pods with one, two, three and four grains, pods mass of one, two, three and four grains, total grain mass per plant, thousand seed mass and grain yield. The most productive relative maturity group is 6.3 being sown in the first non-preferential season for soybeans in Rio Grande do Sul. The second sowing time changed the dynamics of association of the measured variables, with changes in the cycle, reductions in the vegetative and reproductive period.
In a scenario of expansion of agricultural frontiers, based on the production of grain and other commodities, Brazil today lives in a privileged position when it comes to the production and productivity of various agricultural crops and livestock. However we can see that developments in the legislative system often do not keep pace with anthropic action, which makes the degradation of the natural environment potentially disturbing. The evolution in jurisprudence has to occur concisely and quickly based on landscape parameters, and from the perspective of the technique, with a holistic behavior focused on the actions of preservation and conservation of natural resources. Forests are indispensable systems in the process of 'water generation', contributing significantly to the dynamics of the hydrological cycle, a complex and fundamental mechanism for the maintenance and regulation of life on earth. In this sense, the objective of this article is to explain some environmental, technical and legislative aspects related to the Forest Codes that were in force in Brazil, analyzing its historical relevance, flaws and finally major changes. Its preparation was based on articles, books and materials available online from the available knowledge bases. A broad revision was carried out including the Magna Carta in addition to the laws that deal with the Brazilian Forest Code, in its three versions of 1934, 1965 and 2012. As articulated considerations it can be verified that despite the evolution in the form of proposition of the current law, some modifications still need to be made, considering that the current Forest Code contains residual political and economic sequelae that neglect the socio-environmental character, and that even after the adoption of its latest version, severe damage is still being caused to the natural environment, which requires greater commitment from regulators to enforce legislation
Soybean is the main economic crop of Brazilian agribusiness, and the extreme south of the country is considered a new agricultural frontier. The objective of this study was to evaluate the components of the yield and agronomic performance of soybean genotypes in the south of Rio Grande do Sul as well as to verify the linear relationships of the measured characters. The study was carried out in the municipality of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, in the crop harvest 2016. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design, containing 25 soybean genotypes arranged in four replicates. The experimental units were composed of five sowing lines, spaced by 0.45 meters and three meters in length. The measured characters were: first pod insertion height, plant height, number of branches, length of branches, number of pods in the main stem, number of pods in the branches, number of pods with one, two, three and four seeds, contributing to the pod mass with one, two, three and four seeds. The data were submitted to analysis of variance at 5% of probability, where for the significant characters the averages were compared by the Duncan’s test and Pearson's linear correlation was performed in order to identify the tendency of association among the measured characters. The genotypes DM 6159IPRO, BS2606 IPRO, BMX Magna, BMX Potência, TMG7062 IPRO, LG 60163 IPRO revealed superior characters, which can positively influence grain yield. There is a correlation among the morphological characters of the soybean cultivated in southern Brazil between the number of pods in the main stem and the number of pods in the branches, as well as between the number of pods with two seeds and the number of pods in the branches.
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