This study describes the technical-systemic and conceptual-informative interoperability tests for the integration of a Historic Building Information Modeling (HBIM) model in a 3D Geographic Information System (GIS) environment aimed to provide complete and useful documentation for multiscale analyses on cultural heritage particularly exposed to risks. The case study of the San Lorenzo Church in Norcia (Italy) has been chosen given the urgent need to update the existing documentation for its protection and conservation issues, due to the extensive damage suffered after the series of earthquakes that occurred in central Italy starting from summer 2016. Different tests to evaluate two levels of conceptual interoperability (technical and semantic) when importing the HBIM model into a GIS environment were performed, whether with commercial software or with open source ones (ArcGIS Pro and QGIS, respectively). A data integration platform (Feature Manipulation Engine, FME) has been used for converting the IFC (Industry Foundation Classes) data format into the GML (Geography Markup Language) format, in order to obtain a unique and unified model and vocabulary for the 3D GIS project, structured with different levels of detail, according to CityGML standard. Finally, as HBIM-GIS integration is considered, the loss of geometric and informative data has been taken into account and evaluated. IntroductionWithin the AEC (architecture, engineering, construction) industry, the BIM (Building Information Modeling) approach represents an increasingly widespread as much as necessary methodology. Being an interactive data archive [1,2], these models contain geometric data but also non-graphic information, such as materials, thermal characteristics, costs and maintenance instructions, thus they consist in the creation of a central informative and shared model, integrated among every project participant, and it is configured as a dynamic system particularly helpful for the building's facility management (FM). On the other hand, the use of a GIS (Geographic Information System) is well stated in the literature for its usefulness when managing territorial and urban data, with a variety of different purposes and professional figures involved. The integration between these two domains and the complementary nature of the information provided by each technology could, therefore, lead to have a new data flow and a highly detailed and holistic picture of a project.Moreover, the latest technological developments, especially in the field of surveying and geomatics, encouraged the large acquisition of point clouds, thus speeding up the Scan-to-BIM process and
This work describes the different attempts and the consequent results derived from the integration of an HBIM model into an already structured spatial database (DB) and its 3D visualisation in a GIS project. This study is connected to the European ResCult (Increasing Resilience of Cultural Heritage) project where a DB for multiscale analyses was defined. To test the methodology proposed, the case study of Santa Maria dei Miracoli church in Venice was chosen since it represents a complex architectural heritage piece in a risk zone, it has been subject to a vast restoration intervention in the recent past but a digital documentation and model concerning it was missing. The 3D model of the church was structured in Revit as a HBIM, with the association of different kind of information and data related to the architectural elements by means of 'shared parameters' and 'system families'. This procedure allows to reach an even higher Level of Detail (LOD4), but lead to some issues related to the semantic and software interoperability. To solve these problems the existing DB for the resilience of cultural heritage was extended adding a new entity representing the architectural elements designed in the BIM project. The aim of the test is to understand how the data and attributes inserted in the HBIM are converted and handled when dealing with a GIS DB, stepping from the IFC to the CityGML standard, through the FME software.
Recent results within the framework of the collaborative project The Complete Geophysical Survey of the Valley of the Kings (VOK) (Luxor, Egypt) are reported in this article. In October 2018, a team of geomatics and geophysics researchers coordinated by the Polytechnic University of Turin worked side by side in the VOK. Topographic measurements in support of geophysical surveys and the achievement of a very large-scale 3D map of the Eastern VOK were the two main objectives of the geomatics campaign. Innovative 3D metric technologies and methods, based on terrestrial laser scanning (both static and mobile) and close-range photogrammetry were employed by the Geomatics team. The geophysical campaign focused on the acquisition of Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT), Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) and high spatial density Geomagnetic (GM) data. ERT new data around KV62, both inverted in 2D sections and added to the previous ones to perform a new global 3D inversion, confirm the previous results showing both conductive and resistive anomalies that have to be explained. GPR timeslices showed some interesting features in the area in front of the KV2 entrance where GM gradient map also presents localized anomalies. In the area SSW of the KV2 the GM gradient maps evidenced also a large semicircular anomaly which, up to now, has no explanation. The potentialities of using magnetic techniques as a complement to other non-invasive techniques in the search for structures of archeological significance have been explored. The application of modern and innovative methods of 3D metric survey enabled to achieve a complete 3D mapping of what is currently visible in the valley. The integration of 2D/3D mapping data concerning visible elements and hypothetical anomalies, together with the recovering in the same global reference system of underground documentation pertaining to the Theban Mapping Project, prefigure the enhancement of multi-temporal site representation. This strategy enables the fruition development of the already discovered archaeological heritage, using modern criteria of valorization and conservation.
The Main10ance project aims to implement a plan of maintenance and conservation of the historical cultural heritage. This is an INTERREG project. The V-A Cooperation Programme Italy-Switzerland 2014-2020 contributes to the objectives of the Europe 2020 Strategy and the New Swiss Regional Policy (NRP)addressing the needs common to both sides of the border and aiming to generate significant change in the area of cooperation, both in terms of increasing competitiveness and strengthening economic and social cohesion. The case study is the system of the Sacri Monti of northern Italy and Switzerland, groups of chapels and other architectural artifacts. The design phases are divided into: survey of the historical architectural heritage present; data processing and realization of three-dimensional models with the help of BIM software; integration of the same in the geographical context through GIS support; creation of a database which creates interoperability between the various domains and which collects information on the characteristics of the goods for maintenance and conservation purposes; possibility to make the information associated with 3D models accessible through demonstrators that allow interrogation of the DB and the models themselves. The geometric representation respects the subdivision of the levels of detail (LOD) for GIS with the standard CityGML and the levels of development (LOD) for BIM with the UNI 11337/4.
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