The article examines the views of foreign economists on the importance of the impact of intangible assets (IA) and goodwill on business. The main purpose of this study is to improve and develop approaches of accounting for IA and goodwill, reflecting them in the financial and management reporting. The systematization of literary sources and the study of regulatory documents showed that there were several problematic issues related to the accounting and reporting of IAs and goodwill that needed elaboration and clarification. The urgency of solving this scientific problem lies in the fact that due to the existence of unresolved issues in accounting for IA and goodwill, as well as the formation of indicators in the financial statements, there is a significant gap between the methodology of accounting for these assets and current requirements of the economy. It is proposed to amend the Methodological Provisions № 417 by allocating the IA into a separate group for more detailed state statistical observation of these assets. It is recommended to separate the subaccount for accounting software showing the detailed information for this subaccount in the Notes to the Annual Financial Statements. To reconcile goodwill with the Plan of Accounts and Reporting, it is offered to set out the title of Section 1 of the Notes to the Annual Financial Statement, as follows: «Intangible Assets and Goodwill». It is recommended to keep records of internal goodwill in managerial and financial accounting, with the separation of the subaccount, with amendments to Section 1 of the Notes to the Annual Financial Statements regarding the inclusion of additional line 095 «Internal Goodwill». For management accounting of IA and goodwill, it is proposed to use the form of internal management reporting, which is based on paragraph 5 «Notes to the Annual Financial Statements», which contains additional indicators that allow the management system to identify IA s both at the respective centres of responsibility and their units, for different periods, to control the amount, direction, deviation of the planned and actual expenses at the receipt of IA, etc. It is recommended to open an additional subaccount for accounting for IAs shortages with the disclosure in the Annex to Methodological Recommendations № 1327 of the procedure for accounting for IAs shortages using this subaccount. It is justified that the Management Report should be considered as a supplement to the financial statements. The management report proposes to disclose the information about the IA and, if available, about goodwill (internal goodwill), and to provide information aimed at the development of intellectual capital. Keywords: brand, internal goodwill, management report, management report, identification, intellectual capital, intangible assets (IA); non-current assets, accounting, managerial reporting, financial reporting.
The article deals with the views of foreign and domestic economists on understanding the essence of the notion of intangible assets (IA) and its role in the management system of the enterprise. The main purpose of the study is to improve the conceptual apparatus of this category. Systematization of literary sources and approaches to understanding the essence of the IA has shown that there are different approaches to the definition of their essence (economic, legal, accounting, evaluation), which are disclosed in the scientific literature and regulatory documents. The topicality of solving this scientific problem lies in the fact that due to the existence of differences in economic, legal, accounting and valuation approaches to understanding the essence of IA there is a significant gap between the methodology of accounting IA and modern management requirements. The difficulty in interpreting the concept of IA is caused by the fact that they include different objects by nature. The signs characterizing IA are analyzed and singled out. The advantages and disadvantages of topical approaches to the definition of the nature of the IA, which are disclosed in the scientific literature and normative legal documents, are revealed. It is proposed to clarify the interpretation of the concept of «intangible assets» where the economic, legal, accounting, valuation aspects are combined. It is recommended to consider intangible assets as identifiable and evaluated long-term and current assets that are not physically embodied, and represent the rights to intellectual property, the use of natural resources, property and organizational and economic privileges. In addition, they are able to bring economic benefits and have the property to influence the formation of value enterprises, increase their profitability and competitiveness. It is proposed to clarify the wording of the definition of IA in the Law of Ukraine «On state regulation of activities in the field of technology transfer», which will more fully disclose the rights to IA objects for the groups listed in PAS 8, the Accounts plan and in the Methodological Recommendations for accounting of intangible assets.
The purpose of the publication is to study the current state of the organization and methods of accounting for the costs of organic production from the point of view of environmental and economic accounting in Ukraine and recommendations for adapting accounting support for managing the costs of production of organic products to the requirements of the formation of integrated information of environmental and economic accounting. To determine the general trends in the development of accounting support for managing the costs of the production of organic products, the methods of induction and deduction were used. The economic and statistical method was used to analyse the state of production of organic products, and the observation method was used to study the state of accounting for the real costs of producing organic food. The state of development of organic production for the period from 2000 to 2019 in the world, Europe and Ukraine has been analysed. It has been determined that at the micro level, in the conditions of organic production, environmental and economic accounting is an information system that allows you to monitor compliance with the requirements of domestic and international legislation regarding the implementation of this type of activity, and, at the next stages, to form consistent and comparable statistical indicators to account for the relationship " links between the environment and the economy. In the absence of regulatory accounting in Ukraine in the conditions of organic production, the formation of internal regulatory accounting regulations is a prerequisite for the effective management of such production. The formed system of cost accounting objects, considering the specifics of technological processes of operators of organic production, will allow organizing a separate accounting of costs for the production of organic products, inorganic products, and products of the transition period. A nomenclature of cost accounting items in terms of production of organic production is proposed, the use of which will make it possible to distinguish in accounting the expenses allowed by legislation in terms of production of organic production from expenses for which there are certain restrictions. The features of the functions of primary documents reflecting the costs of organic production are determined and ways to improve the documentation of production processes are proposed. This will improve the information support for product quality control and will allow adapting the accounting support for managing the production costs of organic products to the requirements of the formation of integrated information on environmental and economic accounting.
Purpose. The aim of the article is the identification of the main components of intangible assets (IAS) accounting policy and its key tasks, which are the basis for the identification and systematization of accounting elements of the IAS and disclosure of their characteristics. Methodology of research. The theoretical basis of the research is the scientific works of domestic and foreign scientists on the problems of research of accounting policy formation, accounting, analysis and control of intangible assets, legislative and normative acts on these issues. General scientific methods (abstraction, comparison, generalization, analysis, synthesis) are used to achieve the goal of the study ‒ to know the basic elements of accounting policies IAS; critical analysis and systematic approach ‒ in disclosing the characteristics of the main elements of accounting policies of the IAS; abstract and logical method - to formulate the conclusions of the study. Findings. It is established that the accounting policy of the enterprise should cover alternative aspects of accounting (financial) accounting, variants of management accounting, features of tax calculations, approaches to control and protection of IAS. The key tasks, which are the basis for defining and systematizing the elements of accounting policies in the IAS, are highlighted. The elements of accounting policy in the part of IAS are disclosed. Originality. The research on the formation of accounting policy of the enterprise according to its relevant components (accounting (financial) accounting, management accounting, tax calculations, control and protection of intangible assets) has received further development. The main elements of the accounting policies of intangible assets are identified and disclosed. Practical value. The implementation of the proposed components of accounting policies of the enterprise with the identification of its main elements in the part of intangible assets will help improve the efficiency of management of intangible assets, which will qualitatively affect the determination of the value of the enterprise. Key words: accounting policy; intangible assets (IAS); basic elements of accounting policies of IAS; financial accounting; management accounting; control.
Purpose. The aim of the article is the isolation, systematization and improvement of methodological approaches that must be taken into account when analysing the intangible assets of enterprises. Methodology of research. The theoretical basis of the study is the scientific works of domestic and foreign scientists on the problems of research in the analysis of intangible assets. The methodological basis of the study are general scientific methods (abstraction, comparison, generalization, grouping, systematization, analysis, synthesis), which are used in the analysis of intangible assets; graphical method – for a visual representation of intangible assets, calculated on the basis of financial statements of enterprises; abstract and logical method – to formulate research conclusions. Findings. The successive stages of the methodology of analysis of intangible assets are identified through the definition of the following indicators: value dynamics; the share of intangible assets in the property of the enterprise; suitability; movement; efficiency of use; general trends in efficiency. The obtained results of the method of analysis of intangible assets on the basis of approbation according to the financial statements of food industry enterprises in Vinnytsia region are revealed. It is substantiated and proposed to take into account the main requirements in determining the effectiveness of the use of intangible assets, namely: indicators of the volume of intangible assets in the financial statements are objective; with a sufficient share of intangible assets in the property of the enterprise during the period, their level increases; indicators of suitability, compensation, growth, profitability and turnover and their dynamics are positive. The general trend of efficiency of use of intangible assets, the ratio of the growth rate of intangible assets is maintained to establish at a lower level than the growth rate of revenue from sales of goods, products, works, services and profit. Originality. The requirements that must be taken into account when conducting an analysis of the effectiveness of the use of intangible assets, which, in contrast to the existing approach, are established and substantiated allows you to take into account a number of factors that affect the objective determination of the effectiveness of the use of intangible assets and to approach the analysis objectively. Practical value. The implementation of the recommendations proposed in the publication to improve the methodology of analysis of intangible assets will help increase the efficiency of their use and management. The results of the study have found practical application in the food industry of Ukraine. Key words: intangible assets, analysis, accounting, financial reporting, dynamics, efficiency, food industry.
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