The article discusses the impact of the pandemic COVID-19 on the human rights, in particular, the right to freedom of movement and free choice of residence. The purpose of the article is to investigate whether the restrictions implemented to prevent spread of the infection were legitimate and necessary. The concept and content of the right to free movement according to Ukrainian legislation has been investigated. The legitimate grounds for restriction of human rights were analyzed. The state of compliance of Ukrainian legislation with the legislation of the EU and world standards was revealed. The range of issues that Ukraine faced during the pandemic COVID-19 and limitations of human rights were disclosed. Particular attention was paid to legal acts which implemented such limitations. It was revealed that the approach of the Ukrainian legislator while implementing restrictions of human rights was unconstitutional and violated fundamental human freedoms. General and special scientific methods were used in the process of research, such as dialectical, comparative, dogmatic and legal methods.
In the context of hybrid warfare, an urgent question arises as to the adequacy of responding to its challenges. Ukraine, the EU countries and NATO are facing new threats, which require democracies to make changes in military and political activities, to find new forms and methods of ensuring national security. Hybrid warfare as a form of undeclared war is conducted with the integrated use of military and non-military instruments (economic, political, informational and psychological, etc.), which fundamentally changes the nature of military struggle. Thus, the change in the nature of the current armed conflict and the hybrid aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine have created an impetus to accelerate transformations and structural changes in the security and defence sector of Ukraine. One of the priority areas of defence reform is the modernization of the management system of the security and defence sector in order to bring it in line with modern military conflicts, achieve interoperability of Ukraine’s defence forces, systematic transition to NATO standards (STANAG) in the organization, armament and training of troops (forces), as well as in the system of operational decision-making. Russia’s aggression against Ukraine has launched a process of destroying the system of European and transatlantic security. The Kremlin’s hybrid actions against Ukraine and other regional states are undermining stability in the area from the Baltic to the Black Sea, creating a serious challenge to peace and security in the region. Ukraine can become a powerful ally with significant military capabilities and invaluable practical experience, including in the field of combating hybrid threats, with successful reforms for NATO membership and a relevant consensus in NATO.
The goal of the article is to develop proposals for the improvement of the existing normative legal documents regulating UAVs application in the surveillance of the state border of Ukraine. The research methods have been selected based on the goal and tasks of the research. A complex of general scientific and special-scientific methods has been used in the process of the research. In particular, the use of comparative and formal-logical methods made it possible to investigate the evolution of legal regulation of UAVs application by the law enforcement agencies and military formations in Ukraine. The logical and legal method has been used for the development, argumentation and determination of the directions of improving the legal regulation of UAVs application in the process of the state border surveillance. The article reveals the proposals for the improvement of the existing normative legal documents regulating unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) application in the surveillance of the state border of Ukraine. It is concluded that UAVs application is effective in the surveillance of the state border of Ukraine, since information obtained with the help of these aerial vehicles allows to effectively and rapidly establish facts of the state border violation and detain its violators.
The content of the right to health protection and medical care according to Ukrainian legislation is analyzed in the article as well as peculiarities of its realisation in the context of the pandemic COVID-19. It examines also the correlation between the notion “health protection” and “medical care”. On the basis of this correlation, the conclusion is made that the right to health protection is broader and includes, but is not limited to, the right to medical care. Some international standards in the sphere of health protection, which constitute the basis of Ukrainian legislation in this area, are analyzed. The conclusion is made that Ukraine should take into account such standards while limiting human rights, in particular, the right to health protection and medical care in the context of the pandemic COVID-19. It is mentioned that the significant problem remains the legal regulation of quality control of medical care, the creation of organizational technologies with a clear division of control functions between the various actors in the health care system, which is extremely important in terms of the pandemic. The attention is also paid to the personal data protection issue in the sphere of health care. The conclusion is drawn that there should be mechanisms for reporting and protecting against abuse while collecting personal data, and people should be able to challenge any COVID-19-related measures for the collection, aggregation, storage and further use of their data.
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