Tobacco is one of the most important agricultural products in the Republic of Macedonia. Elemental composition of tobacco and soil from different agricultural areas was studied for monitoring purposes. The main purpose was to determine the intensity of accumulation of various elements in tobacco plants and to determine possible relationships between certain chemical and physical properties of soils (pH, clay, cation exchange capacity-CEC, organic matters-OM and total organic carbon-TOC). Total and DTPA (diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid) extractable concentration of eighteen elements (Ag,
SUMMARYInvestigations were made with the new burley variety B 2/93, bred in the Tobacco Institute Prilep, on alluvial soil type in the producing region of Ohrid and Struga. Four rates of nitrogen fertilizer (55, 100, 150, and 200 kg ha 1 ) and a constant rate of phosphorus and potassium were applied in the investigation. Based on the results obtained, it can be stated that fertilization and irrigation have a significant influence on the anatomic structure of burley tobacco leaf. The best developed anatomic structure, with harmonically increased palisade and spongy parenchyma, was found in the variant fertilized with 150 kg ha -1 N. The cells of the parenchyma are not dense, and the spongy cells are few and irregularly distributed, forming large intercellular spaces between them. As a result of the interactive effect of irrigation and fertilization, this treatment is distinguished by a thick and soft leaf lamina with excellent adsorptive power, high filling capacity and, consequently, better quality. [Beitr. Tabakforsch. Int. 21 (2005) 345-349]
The purpose of these researches and analysis is to compare of some quantitative, qualitative and economic indicators between some standard foreign varieties with newly created varieties tobacco in Scientific Tobacco Institute-Prilep, R. Macedonia. During 2016 and 2017 investigations with 6 Burley tobacco varieties were made to study their influence on yield and quality of the obtained raw material, and to evaluate their economic effects. The results of investigations showed absolute dominance of hybrids B-204/15 and B-206A/16 over the other varieties, which was statistically confirmed. From a practical point of view, these results can be a good guideline to tobacco growers in selection of tobacco variety.
Field experiments were carried out on two localities, in Prilep, exactly on experimental field of the Institute and in v. Dobrushevo. The influence of different nitrogen rates upon quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the four oriental tobacco types: Prilep P-23, Prilep P-79-94 (domestic varieties), and Basma1 and Elenski 817 (introduced varieties) was investigated. Investigation included four varieties, three nitrogen rates (0, 20, and 30 kg/ha) and constant amount of phosphorus (60 kg/ha) and potassium (40 kg/ha). Soil preparation was performed with one autumn (30 cm depth) and two spring plowings (8-20 cm depth). Before the trial was set up, the soil was tested to determine its agrochemical and physical properties. Fertilization was done using inorganic mineral fertilizer NPK and 27% KAN. 50% of the nitrogen amount was applied in the last plowing, prior to planting, together with phoshorus and potassium, and the rest 50 % were applied on the first hoeing. All necessary agro-technical and plant protection practices were applied during the vegetation period of tobacco. From the results, it can be noted that yield increase correlates with the increase of nitrogen quantities, in the both localities. In the Prilep locality, fertilized varieties with the 30 kg N/ha had yield increase of 24.50% and 27.23% respectively, as opposed to the control. The highest yield is noted to the P-23 variety (3443 kg/ha), and the lowest to the Basma 1 variety (2567 kg/ha). The same legality is noted in the Dobrushevo locality, where yield increases of 24.14%, 26.75%, 23.57% and 24.29 % respectively, as opposed to the nonfertilized variant. The variety Prilep P23 as standard, fertilized with the 30 kg N/ha achieved the highest average yield per unit area (3573 kg/ha), while the Basma 1 variety have significantly lower average yield than the standard variety, 2676 kg/ha. The fertilization has a positive effect and statistical significance on the average yield and gross income, per unit area. The average purchase price of tobacco, expressed in % of quality classes, has a slight decrease with increasing nitrogen rates, in all investigated varieties. In the both localities, in all investigated varieties was observed increasing content of nicotine, total nitrogen, proteins and mineral matter, and decreasing content of the soluble sugar with increasing nitrogen quantities. To evaluate the fertilization effect on investigated varieties all results were statistically processed by analysis of variance and LSD test. Based on the obtained results it can be concluded that due lower yield and gross income per ha, the introduced varieties Basma 1 and Elenski 817 are not perspective varieties for wider production in the Pelagonija region.
SUMMARYInvestigations were carried out in 2014 and 2015 on the experimental field of the Scientific Tobacco Institute -Prilep. They included four introduced fertile varieties and three domestic promising hybrid lines in CMS form created in the Institute, with the standard Australian variety Ca-757 used as a check. The trial was set up in randomized blocks with 4 replications. The highest average yield per stalk (161,7 g) and per hectare (3 593 kg) was achieved in line V-79/09 CMS F 1 . The lowest yield per stalk (125,3g) and hectare (2 784kg) was recorded in the standard Australian variety Ca-757.The highest quality of tobacco raw, expressed through the average price, was obtained in the line V-79/09 CMS F 1 (1,51 USD/kg) and lowest in the variety Ca-757 (1,28 USD/kg). Also, the gross income was the highest in line V-79/09 CMS F 1 (5 434 USD/ha) and the lowest in the variety Ca-757 (3 583 USD/kg).With some variety lines, for some characteristics, there were statistically significant differences with 5% and 1% significant levels compared to a Ca-757.
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