The article deals with the problem of mythopoetics in the Yakut literature, in particular, in the works of the first Yakut classical writers A.E. Kulakovsky, A.I. Sofronov, P.A. Oyunsky. Early mythology becomes a sign of one of the sources for the emerging Yakut literature and its national identity, reflecting the original mythological consciousness of the people. Mythological traditions pass into the category of written literature, as they realize its artistic functions. The first writers revealed the ideas of their works through mythopoetics, used mythopoetics in creating unique images and plots. In difficult times for the Yakut people, writers had to create allegorical works in which mythopoetics became a way of allegorical expression of the content of works. Thus, mythopoetics played a huge role in the work of the first Yakut writers. They, using mythopoetics, were able to create their major philosophical works, significant in the Yakut literature to the present day. Writers raised the problems of the survival of the people in the tragic circumstances, deepening and broadening the universal sound of their works.
Based on comparative-typological and historical-cultural analysis of the facts of Yakut literature, the following definition of terms and literature typology parameters of "father" and "initiator" is proposed: Father-is an outstanding personality, having created the first significant and highly artistic works in the native language, which played a particularly important role for further development of national literature and art. Initiatoris a person who created the first original works of significant artistic merits. Typological properties of a "father" are universalism; spiritual leadership, educational activities; deep knowledge and mastering of folklore; receptive capture of another culture; creation of works in the native language; creation of highly artistic and axiologically significant works of national literature; professionalism, systematic approach to creative activity. Criteria to determine the personality of the "initiator" of literature can be: creation of the first time works that have become facts of printed materials; development of individual works; autobiography/ethnography as the dominant principle of artistic representation of reality; impact on work of the only system: folklore/foreign literary traditions; creation of works, reflecting specifics of the national worldview in another language. Presented definition and typology can be used for studying of history of other national literature.
The article studies the ethno-folkloric features of the first works of the originator of the Yakut prose A. Sofronov “The Story” (1912), “The Story of the Shilikuns” (1913). It is noted that the reproduction of the ethnographic environment, the elements of the traditional worldview, the creation of the characters and types of the rogue and the simpleton in the stories shows the genetic connection of the writer’s works with the oral narrative. Thus, it is established that the influence of oral creativity, folk aesthetics on the writer’s development was definite. On the basis of the analysis, the author comes to the conclusion that in the creative work of Sofronov, with his sharply expressed subjective-personal principle, the writer’s mastery of the traditions of folklore does not appear prominent, but manifests itself in the creative interpretation of folklore subjects, deepening into the national psyche and ethnography, the style and linguistic means.
The article analyzes the interpretation of the problem of intelligentsia, its place and role in social development in the plays of the first Yakut dramatist A. I. Sofronov. In his plays the author emphasizes public belief in the consolidating force of intelligentsia destined to express and defend national interests. After analyzing the drama “Poor Jacob” the researcher concludes that the dramatist identifies two types of the intellectual - the individualist and the “superfluous man” - depending on ideological orientations. Through their images the writer showed clearly the tragedy of national intelligentsia, its separation from the people, impotence and inertness. The paper concludes that A. Sofronov in his works imposed the task upon intelligentsia: to serve the people and to bear responsibility before the society.
Статья посвящена исследованию мастерства зачинателя якутской прозы Анемподиста Софронова. Автором статьи отмечено, что писатель одним из первых в национальной прозе дал развернутые портретные характеристики персонажей, подробно описывающие внешность человека. Установлено, что характер человека в рассказах соответствует его внешнему облику: внешность положительных героев привлекательна и гармонично сочетается с их внутренним миром, а отрицательные персонажи преимущественно представлены в сатирическом ключе. В женских портретах выделяются грация, пластика движений. При создании карикатурных портретов используются приемы гротеска, антитезы, ярко выраженной речевой характеристики. Автор приходит к выводу, что в произведениях А. Софронова художественное описание внешности человека и психологический портрет подчинены одной целираскрытию личности персонажа.
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