Surgical gastrostomy, while considered a smaller procedure, is not without complications and mortality. The Stamm technique, despite the complications reported, is easy to perform and to handle, as well as safe.

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Introduction Transanal total mesorectal excision (TaTME) has rapidly emerged as a novel approach for rectal cancer surgery. Safety profiles are still emerging and more comparative data is urgently needed. This study aimed to compare indications and short‐term outcomes of TaTME, open, laparoscopic, and robotic TME internationally. Methods A pre‐planned analysis of the European Society of Coloproctology (ESCP) 2017 audit was performed. Patients undergoing elective total mesorectal excision (TME) for malignancy between 1 January 2017 and 15 March 2017 by any operative approach were included. The primary outcome measure was anastomotic leak. Results Of 2579 included patients, 76.2% (1966/2579) underwent TME with restorative anastomosis of which 19.9% (312/1966) had a minimally invasive approach (laparoscopic or robotic) which included a transanal component (TaTME). Overall, 9.0% (175/1951, 15 missing outcome data) of patients suffered an anastomotic leak. On univariate analysis both laparoscopic TaTME (OR 1.61, 1.02–2.48, P = 0.04) and robotic TaTME (OR 3.05, 1.10–7.34, P = 0.02) were associated with a higher risk of anastomotic leak than non‐transanal laparoscopic TME. However this association was lost in the mixed‐effects model controlling for patient and disease factors (OR 1.23, 0.77–1.97, P = 0.39 and OR 2.11, 0.79–5.62, P = 0.14 respectively), whilst low rectal anastomosis (OR 2.72, 1.55–4.77, P < 0.001) and male gender (OR 2.29, 1.52–3.44, P < 0.001) remained strongly associated. The overall positive circumferential margin resection rate was 4.0%, which varied between operative approaches: laparoscopic 3.2%, transanal 3.8%, open 4.7%, robotic 1%. Conclusion This contemporaneous international snapshot shows that uptake of the TaTME approach is widespread and is associated with surgically and pathologically acceptable results.

Radiotherapy and chemotherapy neoadjuvants in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus offers benefits and increases survival.

RESUMO -Racional -A estenose esofágica secundária à ingestão de produtos cáusticos é freqüente no Brasil, principalmente como tentativa de suicídio. O esôfago de Barrett surge como conseqüência do refluxo gastroesofágico crônico. A literatura pesquisada mostrou que esta associação é muito rara. INTRODUÇÃOA ingestão acidental ou proposital de agentes corrosivos ainda é freqüente no país e significa um desafio tanto aos médicos, como à medicina preventiva em geral, tendo em vista as complicações agudas e crônicas dessa agressão ao esôfago, tais como hemorragia, broncopneumonia, perfuração, dor e estenose cicatricial. Após a fase aguda em que está presente o edema e a inflamação, segue-se a fibrose parcial ou total do órgão, acompanhada de estreitamentos, estenoses e encurtamento com danos não só na morfologia, como na sua fisiologia (2,8) .A ingestão de hidróxido de sódio, mais comumente conhecido como soda cáustica, prevalece na literatura como uma das principais causas de estenose benigna do esôfago, atingindo duas populações: as crianças que ingerem acidentalmente o cáustico e os adultos jovens que podem estar envolvidos em tentativas de suicídio (6,7,19) . TUCKER e YARINGTON (21) , revisando mais de 4.000 casos de ingestão de agentes corrosivos, relatam 2% de mortalidade após ingestão de soda cáustica e 20% após ingestão de vários tipos de ácidos. POSTLETHWAIT (12) , revisando várias publicações encontrou a incidência de 5% de estenose em 2.109 pacientes expostos a agentes corrosivos.A evolução para a estenose do esôfago depende de alguns fatores, tais como a quantidade de cáustico ingerida, o tempo de exposição à mucosa esofagiana, as camadas do órgão que foram envolvidas e a extensão do órgão envolvido. Além disso, acredita-se que o esôfago fibrosado possa produzir hérnia de hiato por deslizamento mais freqüentemente devido à retração cicatricial, portanto, é esperado ocorrer refluxo gastroesofágico com freqüência mais elevada nesses doentes, uma vez que a hérnia é um fator entre outros envolvidos no refluxo do conteúdo cloridropéptico agressivo à mucosa esofágica (2,6,19) . Sendo assim, não é surpreendente o achado endoscópico concomitante de esofagite por refluxo nos portadores de estenose cáustica.

Background Multimodal therapy with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, followed by esophagectomy has offered better survival results, compared to isolated esophagectomy, in advanced esophageal cancer. In addition, patients who have a complete pathological response to neoadjuvant treatment presented greater overall survival and longer disease-free survival compared to those with incomplete response. Aim: To compare the results of overall survival and disease-free survival among patients with complete and incomplete response, submitted to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, with two therapeutic regimens, followed by transhiatal esophagectomy. Methods: Retrospective study, approved by the Research Ethics Committee, analyzing the medical records of 56 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus, divided into two groups, submitted to radiotherapy (5040 cGY) and chemotherapy (5-Fluorouracil + Cisplatin versus Paclitaxel + Carboplatin) neoadjuvants and subsequently to surgical treatment, in the period from 2005 to 2012, patients. Results The groups did not differ significantly in terms of gender, race, age, postoperative complications, disease-free survival and overall survival. The 5-year survival rate of patients with incomplete and complete response was 18.92% and 42.10%, respectively (p> 0.05). However, patients who received Paclitaxel + Carboplatin, had better complete pathological responses to neoadjuvant, compared to 5-Fluorouracil + Cisplatin (47.37% versus 21.62% - p = 0.0473, p <0.05). Conclusions There was no statistical difference in overall survival and disease-free survival for patients who had a complete pathological response to neoadjuvant. Patients submitted to the therapeutic regimen with Paclitaxel and Carboplastin, showed a significant difference with better complete pathological response and disease progression. New parameters are indicated to clarify the real value in survival, from the complete pathological response to neoadjuvant, in esophageal cancer.

INTRODUÇÃO: O câncer de esôfago é o oitavo tipo de câncer mais incidente na população, com alta letalidade a despeito da melhora do tratamento cirúrgico nas últimas décadas. O carcinoma epidermóide tem maior prevalência em vários países em também no Brasil. Sendo assim, estratégias de tratamento neo-adjuvante tornaram-se objeto de estudo em vários centros mundiais de referência. OBJETIVO: Identificar aspectos atuais da terapêutica neo-adjuvante no tratamento do carcinoma epidermóide do esôfago. MÉTODOS: Revisão bibliográfica de artigos científicos disponíveis no Medline e na base de dados Cochrane cruzando-se os descritores neoplasia esofágicas, cirurgia, quimioterapia, radioterapia. CONCLUSÃO: A estratégia da terapêutica neo-adjuvante é cada vez mais utilizada como forma de oferecer melhores resultados tardios na sobrevida e na qualidade de vida dos pacientes portadores de carcinoma do esôfago.

Introduction The mainstay of management for locally advanced rectal cancer is chemoradiotherapy followed by surgical resection. Following chemoradiotherapy, a complete response may be detected clinically and radiologically (cCR) prior to surgery or pathologically after surgery (pCR). We aim to report the overall complete pathological response (pCR) rate and the reliability of detecting a cCR by conventional pre‐operative imaging. Methods A pre‐planned analysis of the European Society of Coloproctology (ESCP) 2017 audit was performed. Patients treated by elective rectal resection were included. A pCR was defined as a ypT0 N0 EMVI negative primary tumour; a partial response represented any regression from baseline staging following chemoradiotherapy. The primary endpoint was the pCR rate. The secondary endpoint was agreement between post‐treatment MRI restaging (yMRI) and final pathological staging. Results Of 2572 patients undergoing rectal cancer surgery in 277 participating centres across 44 countries, 673 (26.2%) underwent chemoradiotherapy and surgery. The pCR rate was 10.3% (67/649), with a partial response in 35.9% (233/649) patients. Comparison of AJCC stage determined by post‐treatment yMRI with final pathology showed understaging in 13% (55/429) and overstaging in 34% (148/429). Agreement between yMRI and final pathology for T‐stage, N‐stage, or AJCC status were each graded as ‘fair’ only (n = 429, Kappa 0.25, 0.26 and 0.35 respectively). Conclusion The reported pCR rate of 10% highlights the potential for non‐operative management in selected cases. The limited strength of agreement between basic conventional post‐chemoradiotherapy imaging assessment techniques and pathology suggest alternative markers of response should be considered, in the context of controlled clinical trials.