The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness in teenagers with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) in comparison with healthy scholar participants. Total of 154 teenagers (T1D=45 and CON=109). Height, weight, cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max), and the level of physical activity by the Bouchard's Physical Activity Record were measured, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c)

Exceto onde especificado diferentemente, a matéria publicada neste periódico é licenciada sob forma de uma licença Creative Commons -Atribuição 4. INTRODUÇÃOHá muito tempo, médicos, treinadores, esportistas buscam de forma incessável a melhora do rendimento, por meio de substâncias milagrosas que possam suprir as necessidades muitas vezes ambiciosas dos atletas, ou simplesmente praticantes de atividades físicas. Atualmente, a alimentação da população em geral é quase que totalmente industrializada; na maioria das vezes com alimentos não saudáveis. Contudo, devido à falta de tempo e a facilidade, adquirir alimentos industrializados têm-se tornado frequente no dia a dia das pessoas, inclusive o uso de suplementos alimentares.Ao contrário do que muitas pessoas pensam, os suplementos não são recomendados somente para quem procura rendimento de alto nível, a nutrição diária também pode ser melhorada com os benefícios da suplementação para melhor qualidade de vida das pessoas, levando em conta a riqueza de seus nutrientes, os quais não produzem calorias vazias como um

The management of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is based on three pillars: insulin therapy, nutrition, and regular practice of physical activity. Physical exercises are associated with metabolic demands that depend on the individual's energy stores and level of physical conditioning, and vary according to environmental conditions and intensity, duration, and type of exercise. All these factors, added to eventual distress with competitions, exert influence on glucose metabolism. The athletic career of diabetic individuals is often hindered by a risk of hypoglycemia during and after the exercise, frequent hyperglycemia before, during, and after certain physical activities, occurrence of ketoacidosis, and presence of chronic microvascular and macrovascular complications. Aerobic exercises reduce the levels of blood glucose while anaerobic exercise may promote transient hyperglycemia. Although diabetic individuals may achieve excellence in sport, their physical performance should be maximized by strict blood glucose control, adequate modifications in insulin dose on the day of the exercise, and appropriate nutritional intake. This review discusses the impact of physical exercise on glucose metabolism, as well as nutritional considerations and strategies appropriate to the practice of physical exercises by patients with T1DM.

Objective: To compare maximal fat oxidation rates (FATMAX) and analyze their association with cardiorespiratory fitness in adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Methods: Twenty-two male and female adolescents aged between 11 to 17 years, following clinical and anthropometric evaluations, were assigned to the diabetic group (DG; n = 10) or control group (CG; n = 12). Cardiorespiratory fitness was determined by maximal oxygen uptake (VO 2max ) during a maximal aerobic test on a cycle ergometer using the Balke protocol. Maximal fat oxidation (FATMAX) was determined by the respiratory exchange ratio proposed in the Lusk table. Results: Adolescents in the DG had lower mean FATMAX (p<0.01) and %VO 2FATMAX (p=0.001) values when compared with those in the CG. FATMAX values were inversely correlated with serum glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels (r= -0.77) and directly correlated with BMI z-scores (r=0.76), while %VO 2FATMAX results were correlated with age (r=0.81), BMI z-scores (r=0.65), and VO 2max values (r=0.81). On multiple linear regression, HbA1c values explained 54% (adjusted r²=0.54, p=0.009) and BMI z-scores explained 3.1% (adjusted r²=-0.031, p=0.009) of the variation in FATMAX in the DG. Adolescents with T1DM had similar cardiorespiratory fitness and lower FATMAX rates (35±11 VO2max) when compared with controls (60±12 VO 2max ). Conclusion: These results suggest lower fat oxidation rates and greater use of glucose as an energy substrate during exercise and worse control in T1DM. Therefore, results may contribute to appropriate exercise prescription in T1DM, after verifying exercise intensity to reduce hypoglycemia risk. Level of evidence III; Case-control study. RESUMOObjetivo: Comparar as taxas máximas de oxidação da gordura (FATMAX) e analisar a sua associação com a aptidão cardiorrespiratória em adolescentes com diabetes mellitus tipo 1 (DM1). Métodos: Vinte e dois adolescentes de ambos os sexos, de 11 a 17 anos, após avaliações clínicas e antropométricas, foram alocados no grupo diabético (GD; n = 10) ou no grupo controle (GC; n = 12). A aptidão cardiorrespiratória foi determinada pelo consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO 2max ) durante um teste aeróbico máximo em um cicloergômetro utilizando o protocolo Balke. A oxidação máxima da gordura (FATMAX) foi determinada pela razão de troca ventilatória proposta na Tabela de Lusk. Resultados: Os adolescentes no GD apresentaram menores valores médios de FATMAX (p<0,01) e % VO 2FATMAX (p=0,001) quando comparados com aqueles no GC. Os valores de FATMAX correlacionaram-se inversamente com os níveis de hemoglobina glicosilada sérica (HbA1c) (r = -0,77) e diretamente com o z-score IMC (r = 0,76), enquanto os resultados de %VO 2FATMAX correlacionaram-se diretamente com a idade (r = 0,81), z-score IMC (r = 0,65) e VO 2max (r = 0,81). Na regressão linear múltipla, os valores de HbA1c explicaram 54% (r² ajustado = 0,54, p = 0,009) e o z-score IMC explicou 3,1% (r² ajustado = -0,031, p = 0,009) da variação no FATMAX no GD. Os adolescentes com DM1 apresentaram apti...

Artigo originAl Original article artículO Original RESUMOIntrodução: O exercício físico é um fator importante do tratamento do diabetes mellitus. Objetivo: Verificar o efeito agudo dos exercícios intermitentes sobre glicemia e oxidação de substratos energéticos em adolescentes com diabetes tipo 1. Métodos: Foram avaliados 10 adolescentes diabéticos com idade entre 10 e 15 anos. Foram avaliadas as medidas antropométricas, hemoglobina glicosilada (HbA1c), VO 2máx e o teste de exercício intermitente. Nesse teste, os indivíduos permaneceram pedalando por 30 minutos em cicloergômetro com carga de 60% do VO 2máx , intercalados com tiros de intensidades máximas de 10 segundos a cada 5 minutos. Os substratos energéticos foram avaliados durante o teste e a glicemia capilar foi medida antes, imediatamente após o exercício e 30 minutos depois. Foi observada redução média da glicemia de 39,2 ± 41,92 mg/dl, isto é, média de 21,61% da glicemia inicial. Ocorreu diferença significativa (0,0001) entre os substratos energéticos oxidados, com predominância da utilização de CHO. Há uma forte correlação direta entre a HbA1c e o escore z do IMC (r = 0,821, p = 0,004) e entre HbA1c e glicose observadas pós-exercício (r = 0,702, p = 0,024) e também há forte correlação entre os níveis de glicose pré-exercício e pós-exercício (r = 0,851, p = 0,002) e entre pós-exercício e 30 minutos depois do exercício (r = 0,874, p = 0,001). O teste de regressão linear mostrou que o escore z do IMC explica 67% dos valores de HbA1c (r² = 0,675). Resultados: De acordo com os resultados observados, 30 minutos de exercícios aeróbicos intermitentes intercalados com tiros curtos de 10 segundos promovem redução média de 21% da glicemia, com tendência de aumento na fase de recuperação. O substrato energético predominante na atividade são os carboidratos (CHO). Conclusão: Quanto melhor for o escore z do IMC do adolescente, espera-se melhor controle glicêmico em adolescentes com diabetes tipo 1.Descritores: metabolismo dos carboidratos; diabetes mellitus; oxidação. (r = 0.821, p = 0.024), and there is a strong correlation between pre-exercise and post-exercise glucose (r = 0.851, p = 0.002) and between post-exercise and 30 minutes after exercise (r = 0.874, p = 0.001 ABSTRACT

Introduction Social isolation is one of the strategies used to prevent the contagion and transmission of the coronavirus (COVID-19), but it impacts on the daily routines and lifestyle of the population. Objective Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the physical activity, sleep and eating habits of adults and the elderly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method A cross-sectional study with a sample comprising 135 participants, divided by age group. First, the whole group was divided into age groups with a 10-year cut-off. They were then characterized by sex, type of home, eating habits, sleep, and physical activity. For the second analysis, the participants were organized into three groups: young adults (18-40 years), middle-aged adults (41-60 years) and elderly (>60 years). An online questionnaire was sent to all the participants, with 26 questions focusing on eating habits, sleep, protective behaviors against COVID-19, and physical activity. Results The participants were mainly women (85.9%), external community (71.1%), students’ families (17.1%), teachers and staff (11.8%). Of the total participants, 40% were dedicated to home care activities and 21.1% had started working from home. The remainder (38.9%) were engaged in activities such as studying or caring for dependents. The younger age group (18-40 years old) reported spending more time in sedentary activities during the day, and 34.2% did not perform physical activity and ate lower quality food during social isolation (p<0.01). All groups, with the exception of the 30-40 age group (p <0.01) highlighted the importance of having the presence of a teacher responsible for guiding physical activities during isolation. Conclusion We conclude that, social isolation has more negative impact on the habits of the younger group. Cross-sectional study.

Objective: To identify the level of physical activity and glycemic variability of adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus and to compare glycemic variability on days with different amounts of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Subjects and methods: A sample of 34 subjects aged 10 to 15 years, 18 (52.94%) female; age: 13.04 ± 1.94; HbA1c: 9.76 ± 1.51. Physical activity was measured by wGT3X accelerometer. The glucose data were obtained using continuous glucose monitoring, and the following glycemic variability measures were calculated: standard deviation (SD), low blood glucose index (LBGI), high blood glucose index (HBGI), mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE), glycemic risk assessment in diabetes equation (GRADE) and coefficient of variation (CV). The most and least active days (the days with greater and lesser time dedicated to physical activities of moderate to vigorous intensity, respectively) were identified. In addition, based on the whole period of accelerometer use, daily means of time spent in MVPA were identified among participants, who were then divided into three groups: up to 100 minutes; from 101 to 200 minutes and above 201 minutes. Then, the measures of glycemic variability were compared among the most and least active days and among the groups too. Results: The amount of MVPA was significantly different between the days evaluated (237.49 ± 93.29 vs. 125.21 ± 58.10 minutes), but glycemic variability measures did not present a significant difference. Conclusion: Despite the significant differences in the amount of MVPA between the two days evaluated, the glycemic variability did not change significantly. Arch

RESUMOEste estudo objetivou comparar o nível de aptidão física relacionada à saúde e a prática esportiva de crianças. Foram avaliadas 468 crianças (8 a 10 anos). Os testes de aptidão física seguiram os padrões do PROESP-BR; foram realizadas medidas antropométricas de massa corporal e estatura para determinar o índice de massa corporal (IMC). Foi aplicado o teste t de student no comparativo entre os gêneros e o teste de qui-quadrado para determinação de diferenciação no percentual de classificação, com nível de significância es¬tabelecido em (p<0,05). Ocorreram diferenças significativas na massa corporal, IMC, resistência abdominal, força de membros inferiores, força de membros superiores e aptidão cardiorrespiratória, como os meninos apresentaram melhores resultados quando comparados às meninas, apenas na flexibilidade as meninas superaram os meninos. O teste de qui-quadrado não apresentou diferenças nas classificações obtidas. Os meninos apresentaram melhores resultados quando comparado às meninas na aptidão física, tanto relacionada á saúde quanto a prática esportiva.Descritores: Saúde; Aptidão Física; Escolares. ABSTRACTThis study aimed to compare the level of physical fitness related to health and the sports practice in children. A total of 468 children (8 to 10 years) were evaluated. The physical fitness tests followed PROESP-BR standards; Anthropometric measurements of body mass and height were performed to determine body mass index (BMI). Student's t-test was applied in the comparative between the genders and the chi-square test to determine differentiation in the percentage of classification, with significance level established in (p<0.05). There were significant differences in body mass, BMI, abdominal resistance, lower limb strength, upper limb strength and cardiorespiratory fitness, with boys presented better results than girls, only in flexibility girls overcome boys. The chi-square test did not present differences in the obtained classifications. Boys presented better results when compared to girls at physical fitness, as much related to the health as the sport practice.Descriptors: Health; Physical fitness; Students.