Abstract:The aim of this study was to characterize galls of three species of the Copaifera genus (C. sabulicola, C. luetzelburgii and C. depilis), which occur sympatrically in a Cerrado area from Bahia state. A total of 23 gall morphotypes were found, 9 morphotypes on C. sabulicola, 7 on C. luetzelburgii and 7 on C. depilis. Galls predominated on leaves and stems. The most abundant colours found among galls were brown and green. Regarding the period of the year, from 35,511 leaflets analysed, 16,322 were collected in the dry season and 19,189 in the rainy season. In the dry season, 1,635 leaflets having galls were observed, and the highest proportion was observed on C. luetzelburgii (16.31%). In relation to the rainy season, there is statistical difference in the incidence of leaflets with galls between C. sabulicola and C. depilis, these two species are affected differently during the rainy season. In general, most of the gall morphotypes were more abundant in the dry season. The gallers of 18 morphotypes cannot be determined, because the gall samples were collected occupied by parasitoids or without dwellers. Cecidomyiids induced galls in five morphotypes. Associated invertebrates belonging to the orders Hymenoptera, Diptera, Coleoptera and Acari were found among all gall morphotypes. The results obtained here indicate that the three species of Copaifera have an expressive number of galls, but lower than reported in the literature for C. langsdorffii, which is considered a super host. Keywords

Climate change is one of the main drivers of species extinction in the twentyfirst-century. Here, we  (1) quantify potential changes in species' bioclimatic area of habitat (BAH) of 135 native potential agroforestry species from the Brazilian flora, using two different climate change scenarios (SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5) and dispersal scenarios, where species have no ability to disperse and reach new areas (non-dispersal) and where species can migrate within the estimated BAH (full dispersal) for 2041–2060 and 2061–2080. We then (2) assess the preliminary conservation status of each species based on IUCN criteria. Current and future potential habitats for species were predicted using MaxEnt, a machine-learning algorithm used to estimate species' probability distribution. Future climate is predicted to trigger a mean decline in BAH between 38.5–56.3% under the non-dispersal scenario and between 22.3–41.9% under the full dispersal scenario for 135 native potential agroforestry species. Additionally, we found that only 4.3% of the studied species could be threatened under the IUCN Red List criteria B1 and B2. However, when considering the predicted quantitative habitat loss due to climate change (A3c criterion) the percentages increased between 68.8–84.4% under the non-dispersal scenario and between 40.7–64.4% under the full dispersal scenario. To lessen such threats, we argue that encouraging the use of these species in rural and peri-urban agroecosystems are promising, complementary strategies for their long-term conservation.

Forecasting the impacts of climate change on species distribution has several implications for conservation. Plinia edulis is a rare and threatened tree species from Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest. In this study, we assessed the impact of global climate change on the distribution of P. edulis. Additionally, we evaluated the efficacy of the Brazilian protected network to conserve this species. Ecological niche models were built using the maximum entropy method based on occurrence records and environmental predictors. Models predicted a reduction of climatically suitable areas for P. edulis in all evaluated scenarios in the coming years. Furthermore, we observed that Brazilian protected areas (PAs) are ineffective to conserve this species. Given the fact that P. edulis is a promising tree species rarely found within Brazilian PAs and threatened by global climate change, we strongly recommend the cultivation of this multipurpose species in agroforestry systems, landscaping and homegardens in order to promote its conservation through sustainable use.

In this study, we report the first records and morphological characterization of galls in a Cerrado area in western Bahia, Brazil. The data were collected monthly over two hours between March and September 2015. Fifteen gall morphotypes were found in twelve plant species distributed among seven families. The plant family with the greatest richness of galls was Fabaceae (n = 8). The following gall morphologies were found: globoid, lenticular, marginal leaf roll, conical, cylindrical, fusiform, spherical and pocket shaped. Cecidomyiidae induced globoid, lenticular, conical, fusiform, spherical and cylindrical morphotypes. In addition, species of microhymenoptera belonging to the Eulophidae, Eurytomidae and Encyrtidae families were found. Marginal leaf roll and pocket-shaped galls induced by Thysanoptera were also verified. Springtails were also identified as a successor. Undescribed species of Schizomyia and Lopesia were recorded in B. cupulata and Andira humilis, respectively.Keywords: biodiversity, plant-insect interaction, herbivory, Cecidomyiidae. Palavras-chave: biodiversidade, interação inseto-planta, herbivoria, Cecidomyiidae. Caracterização morfológica de galhas de insetos e novos registros de invertebrados associados em uma área de Cerrado do Estado da

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The species-specific responses to climate change can result in discordant range shifts, leading to changes in associations among species. In this study, we tested whether climate change can affect the spatial association between the plant Mimosa scabrella and the stingless bees Melipona quadrifasciata anthidioides and M. quadrifasciata quadrifasciata . Ecological niche models were used to predict current and future species distributions using intermediate (RCP 4.5) and high (RCP 8.5) greenhouse gas emission scenarios. Our models projected a pronounced reduction in climatically suitable habitats available for the studied species and identified a species-specific response to climate change. As a result, the models estimated a drastic reduction in the spatial association among species of up to 94% in the coming years, revealing that climate change may affect species interactions.biotic interaction / ecological niche modelling / Melipona / pollination / spatial association

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a diversidade e riqueza de abelhas em três paisagens na Ilha de Santa Catarina. Com base em características de uso e ocupação do solo, selecionaram-se três locais onde foram instalados nove kits, compostos por um ninho-armadilha e uma armadilha Moericke. Em cada local, os kits foram distribuídos em três áreas, caracterizadas como: 1 – borda de mata; 2 – intermediária; 3 – antropizada. As coletas quinzenais foram realizadas entre abril/2019 e março/2020. As abelhas capturadas foram montadas em coleção permanente e identificadas com auxílio de chaves dicotômicas até o nível de espécie. Coletaram[1]se dados mensais de temperatura e precipitação para avaliar sua influência sobre as abelhas ao longo do ano. A área intermediária, que possui vegetação secundária em estágio inicial de regeneração, apresentou maior número de abelhas, diferindo significativamente da borda de mata e da área antropizada. Os locais com distintos usos e cobertura do solo não evidenciaram diferença entre si quanto ao número de abelhas capturadas, assim como não foi identificada influência dos fatores abióticos sobre a comunidade de abelhas. Observou-se que fragmentos florestais em áreas urbanas oferecem condições para a presença de abelhas. O monitoramento da apifauna permite conhecer seu estado de conservação e desenvolver ações para proteção dos recursos naturais.