The clinical venous anatomy of the pelvis and its veins featured a break-through during the past few years. Not only the diagnostic and therapeutical methods but also the knowledge of the functional anatomy and nomenclatures of the veins underwent substantial changes. Eleven years ago, the most recent revision of the Latin anatomical nomenclature, Terminologia Anatomica (TA, 1998) was issued. In 2004, during the 21st World Congress of the International Union of Angiology, a consensus document (under the auspices of Federative International Committee on Anatomical Terminology and International Federation of Associations of Anatomists), reflecting phlebologists' requests for new terms and replacing several insufficient ones, was accepted. Six new terms were added in both Latin and English languages in the chapter concerning the veins of the pelvis. Eponyms are not considered equal synonyms and moreover only one of them was recommended for general use. Detailed anatomy of the veins of the pelvis is discussed. This consensus document will be incorporated in the next version of the Teminologia Anatomica.

The phlebology in the area of lower limbs is the only medical field in which the terminological needs of clinicians were met. Ten years ago, the latest revision of the Latin anatomical nomenclature, Terminologia Anatomica (TA), was issued. But almost none of the chapters reflected the clinicians' need to be a relevant theoretical base for correct diagnostics and appropriate treatment. In 2001, during the 14th World Congress of the International Union of Phlebology, a consensus document (under the auspices of Federative International Committee on Anatomical Terminology and International Federation of Associations of Anatomists) was laid to expand the nomenclature of the lower extremity venous system. Some terms have been changed and several new have been added, corresponding to their clinical significance and anatomical positions. Sixteen new terms have been added in both Latin and English languages in the chapter concerning the superficial veins of the lower limb. This consensus document will be incorporated into the next version of the TA. The international anatomical nomenclature serves as a communication base for research, diagnostic, therapy and information exchange in phlebological sciences.

The correct and precise nomenclature of the veins of the lower extremity is a necessary tool for communication. Three important changes have been done over the last 13 years. Terminologia Anatomica, the latest version of the Latin anatomical nomenclature, was published in 1998, extended in the area of the lower extremity veins with two consensus documents, in 2001, during the 14th World Congress of the International Union of Phlebology and in 2004 during the 21st World Congress of the International Union of Angiology. This article is a free continuation of two previous articles, reviewing the detailed anatomy and correct nomenclature of the superficial veins of the lower extremities and veins of pelvis. Now, it is concentrated on the deep venous system, in which 15 new terms have been added in both Latin and English languages.

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Latin anatomical terminology of venous perforators (communications between superficial and deep venous systems of the lower limb) was adopted as late as 2001 as an appendix to the official nomenclature following the clinicians’ request. Terminologia Anatomica, last version of the Latin anatomical nomenclature, published in 1998, unfortunately contains no terms concerning these veins. During the 14th World Congress of the International Union of Phlebology, a consensus document was laid to expand the nomenclature of the lower limb veins, above all 36 new terms for perforators of the lower limb, both in Latin and English languages. This consensus document will be incorporated in the next version of the Terminologia Anatomica. But there are more constant and well-described ones, especially in the foot, and this article reviews in particular the current knowledge on the anatomy of the venous perforators of the whole lower limb.

Doporučení pro duplexní ultrazvukové vyšetření končetinových žil Doporučené postupy vycházejí ze soudobých poznatků lékařské vědy a považují se za postupy lege artis. Jedná se však o doporučení, nikoli předpisy, proto je nutný individuální přístup u každého nemocného. Ošetřující lékař může použít jiný postup, musí však v dokumentaci řádně zdůvodnit, proč se od doporučeného postupu odchýlil.