posure assessment of the Belgian population to pesticide residues through fruit and vegetable consumption. Food Additives and Contaminants, 2008, 25 (07)
12screening of pesticide residue exposure was performed by a deterministic approach.
13For most pesticide residues studied, the exposure was hundred times lower than the 14 ADI ('acceptable daily inatke'). However, for a high consumer (97.
This work studies the behavior of a manganese dioxide catalyst during the total oxidation of methanethiol.
Modifications of the working γ-MnO2 catalyst were characterized by XPS, XRD, DRIFTS, and potentiometric
measurements after reactions at different durations and at different temperatures. At temperatures below 200
°C, sulfur adsorbs on γ-MnO2 in the form of sulfate species and poisons CH3SH adsorption sites. Accordingly,
the methanethiol conversion is strongly inhibited. At higher temperatures (260−280 °C), γ-MnO2 is strongly
reduced and is converted to a moderately active manganese sulfate phase while the reaction proceeds. This
contribution also shows that the activity and selectivity of the manganese sulfate phase formed in situ at high
temperature are comparable to those of a commercial manganese sulfate. The variation of the reaction
temperature between 280 and 150 °C controls the reversible hydration/dehydration of the manganese sulfate
phase and its associated activation/deactivation. This important change in activity is accompanied by a change
in the main byproduct formation. At 280 °C, the dehydrated manganese sulfate phase is fairly active and
favors the production of dimethyl disulfide. On the contrary, the hydrated phase that exists only in the lower-temperature region is much more reactive and promotes the production of methanol.
Dietary cadmium (Cd) exposure was estimated for adults living in Cd-contaminated areas close to non-ferrous metal plants and compared with dietary Cd exposure in the general Belgian adult population. To evaluate the contamination levels of locally produced food items, 35 fruit samples, 97 vegetable samples, 98 samples of potatoes and 53 samples of meat, liver and kidney of cattle, which had resided for more than 18 months in the contaminated area, were analyzed for Cd. Mean Cd concentrations in fruit and vegetables were 1.1- to 9-fold higher than in samples from other regions at ambient Cd levels. Mean Cd concentrations in bovine meat, liver and kidney were 2-fold higher compared to samples from animals in other regions of Belgium. The estimated dietary intake was 31.3 and 63.3 microg day(-1) for average and large consumers, respectively, in the contaminated area, compared to 17 and 38.3 microg day(-1), respectively, for the general adult population. Excessive consumption of locally produced food items in areas close to non-ferrous metal plants could result in Cd intake levels exceeding the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI).
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