The epizootics of vibriosis caused serious economic losses to farmers. Natural blooms of the pathogen can be prevented by sea cage management measures such as, changing the inner net of the cages, changing the location of the cages to relatively clean water (about 50 m apart) from the affected site and providing shade over the cages while the water temperature rises. Supplementation of the feed with immunostimulants and mineral mixture may be practised to improve the immune response against infection. Early diagnosis and sea cage management measures may prevent occurrences of the infection.
SummaryPositioning the parturient from supine to the left lateral tilt position (supine-to-tilt) may not effectively displace the gravid uterus, but turning from the left lateral position to the left lateral tilt position (left lateral-to-tilt) may keep the gravid uterus displaced and prevent aortocaval compression. Fifty-one full-term parturients were randomly placed in the left lateral position, supine-to-tilt and left lateral-to-tilt positions using a Crawford wedge. Femoral vein area, femoral vein velocity, femoral artery area, pulsatility index, resistance index and right arm mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate were recorded. Our results showed a lower mean (SD) femoral vein area ( ) and a higher femoral vein velocity (7.9 (1.2) vs 6.1 (1.6) cm.s ) with left lateral-to-tilt when compared with supine-to-tilt (all p < 0.001). Our results suggest that moving a full-term parturient from the full left lateral to the lateral tilt position may prevent aortocaval compression in full-term parturients more efficiently than when positioning the parturient from a supine to left lateral tilt position.
h i g h l i g h t s• In India, this is the first-ever assessment, which offer an insight on the accumulation of bacteria in farmed oysters.• We investigated the dynamic process of microbial bio-accumulation and how it is influenced by rainfall.• Bio-accumulation was high during the pre-monsoon season when the Lake is brackish.• Salinity and temperature play a major role in the survival of coliform bacteria in the shellfish growing water.• We can reduce input costs in the laboratory by analysing faecal coliform as a quality indicator instead of using E. coli as an indicator.
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