Heavy metals, which significantly contaminate territory of the Republic of North Ossetia -Alania, Russian Federation, inhibit the effect of many enzymes, their physiological function and metabolism. The research was aimed to study the effectiveness of using preparations enterosorbents Chelaton and Aerosil in lactating cows' diets to enhance ecological and nutritional properties of milk and cheese. Lactating cows in the control group were fed the basic diet (BD). Cows in the 1 st test group were fed BD supplemented with the adsorbent Chelaton at a dose of 2% by weight of the diet dry matter; in the 2 nd test groupadsorbent Aerosil at a dose of 40 mg/kg body weight. All experimental parameters were processed by mathematical analysis using software "Microsoft Excel". The analysis of the diets composition showed that the zinc content exceeded the maximum permissible concentration (MPC) by a factor of 2.5-3.6, lead -3.0-4.5 and cadmium -1.9-2.5. Aerosil additives contributed to the increase in cows' milk of the 2 nd test group the fat content by 0.22%, proteinby 0.23%, dry matterby 0.52%, as well as vitamin value of milk, because vitamin C content increased by 33.5% and vitamin A -90%. The positive effect of this preparation was on the milk density as well. It should be noted that the fact of reducing in animals' milk of the 2 nd test group compared to the control zinc concentration by 58.1%; cadmiumby 5.06%, and leadby 54.2%. Suitability of milk of all cow groups for cheese making conformed to the 2 nd type. Milk of animals in the control group was curded for 27.6 min and the least time of curdling was in the 2 nd test group -22.5 min. Samples of cheese from the cows' milk of the 2 nd test group relative to the control were valued 4.7 points higher.
Currently there are many known enzyme preparations, which to varying level of efficiency split non-starchy polysaccharides in mixed feeds. The research aims to study the consumer qualities of broiler meat and its dishes when included enzyme preparations Celloviridin G20x and Amilosubtilin G3x into diets based on wheat grain (40% by feed weight), barley (20%) and soybean meal (15%). The results obtained in the course of research were processed by mathematical analysis software package "Microsoft Excel". The best effect on the poultry slaughter qualities had joint supplements of multienzyme compositions Amilosubtilin G3x at a dose of 300 g/t feed and Celloviridin G20х at a dose of 150 g/t feed, which resulted in the superiority of chickens from the third test group over the control counterparts in weight of semi-eviscerated carcass by 14.5%, evisceratedby 15.1%, slaughter yield-0.66%. Chickens, which were fed the mixture of preparations, surpassed their control counterparts in indicators characterizing the ratio of edible parts to inedible by 32.03%. Use of enzyme preparations intensified protein metabolism in the poultry body, which contributed to improve the chemical composition and increase the biological value of meat protein. Due to this, in the femoral muscles the synthesis of dry matter and protein was more active, which in this muscle of broilers from the third test group resulted compared to the control in an increase of dry matter concentration by 2.674%, proteinby 2.587%. When studying the effect of heat treating chicken carcasses in the compared groups on the organoleptic characteristics, four samples of grilled chicken were cooked. The dish sample, the formulation of which included broiler carcasses of the third test group got top point total and surpassed the control counterparts in organoleptic qualities by 0.37 points. This superiority is provided, first of all, due to such parameters as flavor and tenderness.
The goal of the research was to substantiate the possibility of using various doses of chickpea flour in the recipe for the “Chopped Beefsteak” instead of beef to improve its consumer and protective properties. Taking into account the functional and technological properties and organoleptic characteristics of various minced meat models, the most optimal dose of including chopped chickpea flour in the formulation of semi-finished steak is 5.0% to the mass of minced meat. To assess the consumer qualities of the compared samples of the “Chopped beefsteak” dish with the addition of chickpea flour in a dosage of 5% to the mass of minced meat, technological charts were drawn up on the basis of recipe No. 604. When chickpea flour was included in the amount of 5.0% to the mass of minced meat, the consumer characteristics of the finished product were improved. Was found, that chickpea flour is a valuable dietary product, it is distinguished by high taste and health characteristics.
One of the sources of high-grade vegetable protein is soybean, subjected to various methods of moisture and heat treatment. Its introduction into diets practically solves the problems of providing animals with essential amino acids. Therefore, the study of biological and productive characteristics and the quality of meat of young pigs under the influence of different levels of soy protein from non-genetically modified soybean variety was an actual problem. The aim of the research is to study the effect of feeding different doses of non-genetically modified soybean on the biological and productive parameters of pigs and the consumer characteristics of pork. Young fattening pigs and sows of the Large white breed were the object of the research. To study the effect of different doses of the soybean (15.25 and 35% of the rate of digestible protein), 4 groups of pigs were formed. The soybean of the non-genetically modified "Early-10" variety was subjected to a moisture and thermal treatment in a microwave unit for inactivation of anti-nutrients. The most positive effect on the productivity and reproductive characteristics of sows was provided by soy addition in a dose of 25% of the rate of digestible protein. Compared to the control group, the gilts of the 2 nd experimental group had significantly (Р<0.05)better indicators of pre-slaughter live weight by 12.02 kg, slaughter weight-by 10.74 kg, slaughter yield-by 1.48%, weight of chilled carcass-by 9.70 kg, carcass yield-by 2.14%, and weight of the posterior third of the side-by 1.01 kg. The best indicators of the chemical composition showed the samples of the longissimus spinal muscle of the gilts of the 2 nd experimental group, significantly (P <0.05) exceeding the control in the dry matter content by 0.72%, protein by 0.8%, protein quality indicator (PQI)-6.6%.
In the conditions of RNO-Alania the most effective way to protect grain from contamination with mycotoxins is to prevent their formation all the way from the field to the consumer. For this purpose it is necessary to apply the improved technologies of cultivation, treatment, storage, as well as partially to disinfect grain products during grain processing. In the course of the research the MPC excess in T-2-toxin and ochratoxin A concentration in the selected samples of corn, barley and soybeans was not found. At the same time, the content of aflatoxin B 1 in the composition of cereal and legume-based feed ingredients exceeded the MPC. By mixing corn, barley and soybeans, unfavourable in aflatoxin B 1 concentration with other favourable in this toxin ingredients managed to reduce its content in the composition of complete mixed feed PK-5 and PK-6to 0.23 mg/kg. Moreover, aflatoxin B 1 concentration in the formulation of these mixed feeds in both phases of feeding does not exceed the tolerance amount-0.25 mg/kg. According to two metabolism trials using rearing flocks and laying hens, the joint introduction of probiotic Bifidumbacterin at the rate of 5 doses per 200 heads and preparation Santochinum at a dose of 125 g/t feed in the diet with tolerance level of aflatoxin B 1 increased significantly the digestibility coefficients of organic matter, crude protein, crude fiber and nitrogen-free extractives, as well as the best protein conversion into products.
The article’s authors argue that it is necessary to use adsorbents and antioxidant preparations in diets to level the negative factors of the impact of aflatoxin B1 on the processes of digestive metabolism and the productivity of young pigs when fattening on diets with a tolerant content of this mycotoxin. The research aimed to determine the effect of the preparation of Ecosil and vitamin C on the economic and biological characteristics of young pigs fed on diets with tolerant levels of aflatoxin B1. In the course of the study and based on experience, the authors found that the gilts of the 3rd experimental group had a higher growth intensity, which had an advantage over the animals of the control group in absolute and average daily gain by 10.5% (P<0.05) when enriched compound feed with a mixture of Ecosil and vitamin C. The authors managed to achieve in animals of the 3rd experimental group a reduction in costs per 1 kg of absolute gain - EFU (energy feed unit) by 9.45% and digestible Protein by 9.48% against control due to improved detoxification of the studied toxin. The coefficient of dry matter digestibility in gilts of this group was higher than in control by 3.1% (P><0.05); the organic matter was higher by 3.2% (P><0.05); crude Protein was higher by 3.2% (P><0.05); fiber is higher by 3.4% (P><0.05) and NFE (nitrogen-free extract) by 2.7% with a decrease in the digestibility of crude fat by 2.8% (P><0.05). The authors found that gilts of the 3rd experimental group, who consumed a mixture of tested feed additives per day in the accounting period of the study, deposited 24.86 g of nitrogen in the body, which is significantly (P><0.05) more than the control analogs - by 2.85 g. In addition, the animals of the 3rd experimental group absorbed better calcium and phosphorus in the diet.>˂0.05) when enriched compound feed with a mixture of Ecosil and vitamin C. The authors managed to achieve in animals of the 3rd experimental group a reduction in costs per 1 kg of absolute gain - EFU (energy feed unit) by 9.45% and digestible Protein by 9.48% against control due to improved detoxification of the studied toxin. The coefficient of dry matter digestibility in gilts of this group was higher than in control by 3.1% (P˂0.05); the organic matter was higher by 3.2% (P˂0.05); crude Protein was higher by 3.2% (P˂0.05); fiber is higher by 3.4% (P˂0.05) and NFE (nitrogen-free extract) by 2.7% with a decrease in the digestibility of crude fat by 2.8% (P˂0.05). The authors found that gilts of the 3rd experimental group, who consumed a mixture of tested feed additives per day in the accounting period of the study, deposited 24.86 g of nitrogen in the body, which is significantly (P˂0.05) more than the control analogs - by 2.85 g. In addition, the animals of the 3rd experimental group absorbed better calcium and phosphorus in the diet.
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