The paper presents a computational method that allows to predict the process of drainage of flax seeds with expanded perlite and biohumus for complex pre-sowing treatment with preliminary irradiation of seeds in the infrared range. From a methodological point of view, in the process of seed granulation, the efficiency depends on the adhesive bond arising in the process of rolling and dispersing. To solve this problem, the calculations of mathematical models of the process of granulation of seeds and the process of dispersion of perlite with biohumus on the surface of seeds were carried out in order to obtain a finished dragee with components of natural origin and improve the sowing qualities of treated seeds and the finished product. As a result of the developed models, analytical solutions of kinetic problems for the process of precipitation of particles of a draining mixture of perlite and biohumus on the surface of flax seeds are obtained. The described mathematical model allows to determine the technological parameters of the granulation process-particle size of the granulating mixture and granulation time, for the calculation of granulating components in the development of technological equipment for granulation. The approximation of the obtained data was made, which showed the prospects and effectiveness of the ongoing developments.
Today, new methods of manufacturing complex parts using three-dimensional printing are being introduced in engineering, including in the mechanical engineering of agricultural machinery. This technique is also used in the design of agricultural machinery at the stage of physical modeling of their structures to determine certain properties of the product as a whole and its individual parts (details) on the corresponding models. Physical modeling is used when it is difficult to perform full-scale tests of the product, as well as for economic reasons. The necessary conditions for physical modeling are the geometric and physical similarity of the model and kind. The presence of such proportionality allows us to recalculate the experimental results obtained for the model in kind by multiplying each of the determined values by a constant multiplier for all values of this dimension – the similarity coefficient. However, to study the physical characteristics of a product, it is necessary to take into account the mechanical properties of the material of its model. From various sources, you can find the main mechanical characteristics of plastic threads or samples made on a 3-D printer. Their values vary greatly depending on the model manufacturing technology. The paper presents the results of a study of the physical and mechanical properties of polylactide (PLA) and polyethylene tereflatate (PET-G), which are used in the manufacture of parts by three-dimensional printing. The specific strength of polymers was respectively: for PLA 65.6…12.2 kPa·m3/kg, for PET-G 36.7…95.4 kPa·m3/kg. Specific plasticity for PLA is equal to 60.,3 %· cm3/kg, for PET-G – 468.2 %· cm3/kg. The specific plasticity for PLA is 608.3 %· cm3/kg, for PET-G – 468.2 %· cm3/kg. Mechanical properties are investigated and the obtained mechanical characteristics must be taken into account when calculating and physically modeling plastic products for three-dimensional printing.
Increasingly, parts of complex shapes are made using three-dimensional printing. This technique is also used in the design of equipment at the stage of physical modeling of their structures to determine certain properties of the product as a whole and its individual parts (details) on the corresponding models. The necessary conditions for physical modeling are the geometric and physical similarity of the model and kind. The presence of such proportionality makes it possible to recalculate the experimental results obtained for the model in kind by multiplying each of the determined values by a constant multiplier for all values of this dimension – the similarity coefficient. However, to study the physical characteristics of a product, it is necessary to take into account the mechanical properties of the material of its model. From various sources, you can find the main mechanical characteristics of plastic threads or samples made on a 3-D printer. Their values vary greatly depending on the manufacturing technology of models and are determined under conditions of static loading only, which is not enough to study the stress-strain state of parts that are affected by suddenly applied, long-term and dynamic loads during machine operation. This paper presents the results of a study of the physical and mechanical properties of polylactide (PLA) and polyethylene tereflatate (PET-G), which are used in the manufacture of parts by three-dimensional printing. The specific stiffness of polymers was for PLA 1.61…2.18 MPa·m3/kg, for PET-G – 1.15…1.41 MPa·m3/kg. The specific impact strength for PLA is 751.6…774.2 J·m/kg, for PET-G – 571.6…583.0 J·m/kg. The specific endurance for PLA was 1.75…2.76 kPa·m3/kg, for PET-G – 3.0…3.10 kPa·m3/kg.
Flax fiber is the most valuable, rapidly renewable source of cellulose. To isolate cellulose from the fiber, it is necessary to get rid of its non-cellulose components: lignin, pectin substances, waxes and hemicellulose. These substances can be removed by cooking flax fiber in an alkaline solution. To intensify the process of destruction of the non-cellulose complex, it is proposed to use the energy of the electromagnetic field of ultrahigh frequencies. The article presents the results of theoretical and experimental studies aimed at establishing the dielectric characteristics of the system components, which make it possible to prove the effectiveness of the effect of the microwave field on the process of destruction of the non-cellulose complex and to deduce the permissible limits of technological parameters. For the effective management of the technological process of alkaline cooking, the dielectric characteristics of the system components are established on the basis of theoretical and experimental studies. To solve this problem, the system was divided into components: fiber, solution, heterogeneous system. Further, the characteristics of each component are determined separately. The established characteristics showed the following values: the dielectric constant of the fiber in the solution reached a value of 24.8, the dielectric constant of the solution-73, the dielectric constant of the heterogeneous system is 64.55. These values allow you to conduct the technological process of delignification with high efficiency indicators.
Experimental studies on ultrasonic dispersion of the organic complex of flax stem in the voiced medium on the installation of continuous operation IUSD-01 were carried out, flax fiber with high quality indicators was obtained.
In 2017, the specialists of the radiation safety laboratory of JSC «VNIPIpromtekhnologii» conducted a radioecological examination of the «Buranny», «Severny» and «Yuzhny» sites in the Tomtorskoe rare metal deposit (the northern part of the Olenek ulus of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia)). By this time, exploration work was completed at the field with an assessment of the radiation situation. Due to the fact that the amount of information received was not sufficient for a comprehensive analysis and prediction of the radiation situation, it was decided to conduct an additional radioecological survey at the field and in the adjacent area. The research program included field and laboratory work: gamma surveying of the territory, measuring the flux density of alpha and beta particles, gamma spectrometric measurements, environmental sampling, residues of drill cuttings and core, conducting research on the content of natural and man-made radionuclides, as well as individual chemical elements in the selected samples. According to the results of the research, a conclusion was drawn about the normal radiation situation in general in the field. Certain sites of the radioactive contamination was associated with an anthropogenic impact on the ecology of the field during exploratory drilling with the extraction of core from the ore body to the surface of the sites.
In the modern world, insects are widely used for scientific and industrial purposes. For their cultivation in the laboratory, various plants have been developed, the main disadvantage of which is poor-quality sorting from garbage. Therefore, the question of cultivating and sorting the larvae of bee moth (Galleria mellonella L.) in laboratory conditions for the purpose of further use as a model object in various fields of biological sciences and medical purposes is relevant. The effect of the temperature gradient and exposure on the movement of G. mellonella larvae from the heated compartment of the plant was determined by their reproduction into the cold by the number of individuals that moved for 10, 15, and 20 minutes at 35, 40, 45, 50, 55 0С, visual counting. At 35 0С, regardless of the exposure time, the larvae remained on a honeycomb frame; at 40 ° C and 45 0С, on average, 11.5% and 31.8% of individuals, respectively, moved. The higher the temperature gradient, the faster the larvae moved into the cold compartment. More larvae passed from the lower frame to it than from the upper one. The difference at a temperature of 45 ° C averaged 2%, 50 0С - 18.7%, 55 0С - 0.4%. The optimum temperature gradient for sorting larvae is 50 ... 55 0С during an exposure of 15 ... 20 minutes, in this case more than 98% of the larvae were transferred to the cold compartment. The use of an infrared electric heating system will optimize the breeding process of G. mellonella larvae and ensure their high-quality sorting
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