We have developed a method of calculating the bed deformations of buildings and structures in the vicinity of deep (more than 5 m) excavations on the basis of experimental (field and numerical) and theoretical investigations conducted by the Scientific-Research Institute of Foundations and Underground Structures; this is extremely urgent for utilization of underground space in a dense urban setting.Investigations of surface deformations during the opening of underground workings and the installation of linings for underground excavations (tunnels) both with and without consideration of existing buildings have been conducted by domestic and foreign researchers utilizing the following two methods: experimental (R. B. Peck [1], X. Hoy and M.
In 2017, the specialists of the radiation safety laboratory of JSC «VNIPIpromtekhnologii» conducted a radioecological examination of the «Buranny», «Severny» and «Yuzhny» sites in the Tomtorskoe rare metal deposit (the northern part of the Olenek ulus of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia)). By this time, exploration work was completed at the field with an assessment of the radiation situation. Due to the fact that the amount of information received was not sufficient for a comprehensive analysis and prediction of the radiation situation, it was decided to conduct an additional radioecological survey at the field and in the adjacent area. The research program included field and laboratory work: gamma surveying of the territory, measuring the flux density of alpha and beta particles, gamma spectrometric measurements, environmental sampling, residues of drill cuttings and core, conducting research on the content of natural and man-made radionuclides, as well as individual chemical elements in the selected samples. According to the results of the research, a conclusion was drawn about the normal radiation situation in general in the field. Certain sites of the radioactive contamination was associated with an anthropogenic impact on the ecology of the field during exploratory drilling with the extraction of core from the ore body to the surface of the sites.
IntroductionThe method outlined in [1] for analysis of ground-surface settlement demonstrates its dependence on the distance to the axis of the tunnel, D and H, characteristics of the soil (considering the stratification of the soils), and the excess-soil factor V L . Burland et al. [2] have developed a method in which a formula is given for the argument of the inflection point on the curve of the function of ground-surface settlements during the opening of a tunnel. Excavations [3], which have modified the Peck method [1], supplementing it with a moisture-content characteristic, have also come into use. Figure 1 shows a surface-settlement diagram based on the empirical methods cited with parameters entering as component parts of the formulas.Construction practice demonstrates that methods employed to calculate settlement for deep tunnels are not always applicable for shallow tunnels. In contrast to deep transportation tunnels, the diameter of utility tunnels D = 3-4 m, the depth of embedment H = 4-8 m, and the relative depth of embedment χ = H/D does not exceed 3.
Method for Prediction of Surface Settlement During Opening of Shallow TunnelsTo substantiate prediction of surface deformations during the opening of shallow tunnels, a series of projects were subjected to in-situ settlement measurements, which were then compared with data acquired by empirical methods for deep tunnels (Table 1). Figure 2 shows the 4-m-diameter storm-drain collector along the Gruzinskii Street line in Moscow, which is being constructed by the shielded method by a Lovat RME 163 SE series 23300 tunneling unit with a soil surcharge. The depth of embedment was 4.0-8.0 m (the analyses were performed by the N. M. Gersevanov Scientific-Research Institute of Foundations and Underground Structures, and scientific accompaniment by the Scientific-Research Institute of Foundations and Structures and the ANO ANTTs RAASN). A characteristic feature was that the shield passed close to the surface in the fill Results are cited for theoretical and experimental investigations of the prediction of deformations of the ground surface and buildings, which develop during the opening of shallow utility tunnels constructed by the shielded method, and also measures taken to reduce the deformations that occur as a consequence of such an opening.
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