Simmondsia chinensis (Link) Schneider is a perennial, dioecious, drought resistant and multipurpose seed oil crop grown in arid and semi-arid conditions throughout the world. A reproducible and more efficient method for indirect shoot organogenesis from female leaf explants has been standardized. The leaf explants cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with 1.0 mg l(-1) 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) alone produced the highest frequency of callus compared with 1.5 mg l(-1) IBA. Maximum proliferation of callus was observed on MS medium containing a combination of 1.0 mg l(-1) 2,4-D with 0.5 mg l(-1) BAP. For shoot differentiation, the proliferated callus was subcultured on MS medium supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) (1.0-4.0 mg l(-1)) along with 40 mg l(-1) adenine sulphate as additive or in combination with α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) or Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). Optimum shoots differentiated from callus was obtained on MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg l(-1) BAP and 0.2 mg l(-1) NAA. On this medium, 100 % cultures were responded with an average number of 14.44 shoots per explant with their mean length of 4.78 cm. In vitro rooting (6.22 roots per explant) was achieved on half strength MS medium containing 2 % sucrose with 3.0 mg l(-1) IBA and 300 mg l(-1) activated charcoal (AC). Rooted plantlets were successfully hardened under control conditions and acclimatized under field conditions with 90 % success rate. The present protocol is highly efficient, reproducible and economically viable for large scale production of female plants.
An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of nitrogen fertilizer on growth, flowering and vase life of gladiolus (Gladiolus grandiflorous L.) cv. American Beauty at the farm of the Department of Horticulture, C.C.R (P.G.) College, Muzaffarnagar (Uttar Pradesh). The treatments comprised of four levels of nitrogen (0, 40, 60, 80 kg/acre) in a randomized complete block design with factorial concept and replicated four times. The results revealed that minimum days taken for spike initiation (86.89 days), days taken for first flowering (99.37 days) were observed under control treatment N0 whereas, maximum plant height (49.21cm), spike length (127.17 cm), rachis length (61.31 cm), number of florets per spike (18.00) and vase life (11.73 days) was found with N2 (60 kg/acre Nitrogen). The result shows that using 60 kg/acre nitrogen can improve the growth and yield of gladiolus cv. American Beauty like vegetative, flowering and vase life attributes. Hence, this optimum nitrogen level can be recommended for the commercial cultivation of gladiolus.
The effect of different concentrations of auxins and cytokinins either alone or in combination with additives was assessed to be useful on the direct regeneration of shoot tip and nodal explants of N.foetida. BA and IBA proved comparatively better than others. The highest direct regeneration percent (95.0, 92.0 in shoot tip and nodal explants respectively) was observed on the MS medium supplemented with BA (3.0mgL-1) + IBA (1.0mgL-1) and additives (adenine sulphate (50mgL-1) + glutamine (100mgL-1) + L-arginine (25mgL-1) + citric acid (0.0025%) + ascorbic acid (0.005%). Shoot tips as explants performed better by giving higher regeneration percentage and better growth of propagules in comparison to nodal explants in the establishment media.
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