Abstract. Trypanosoma brucei EATRO 110 infection of the deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) produced moderate to marked lesions in the spleen, liver, heart, and kidney seven to ten weeks after infection. Splenic lesions consisted of marked splenomegaly, with infected spleens weighing 25.9 times control spleens. Transmission electron microscopy of the sinuses and Billroth's cords of the splenic red pulp demonstrated an increased cellularity with greater contact between cells due partly to proliferation of macrophages, transformed lymphocytes and plasma cells and partly to accelerated erythropoiesis with increases in the numbers of rubricytes and reticulocytes. Erythrocytes also were present in large numbers, and erythroclasis was accelerated.Hepatic lesions consisted of necrosis of few hepatocytes, proliferation and hypertrophy of Kupffer's cells which exhibited increased phagocytosis-particularly of erythrocytes, as well as penvascular cuffs consisting of lymphocytes, plasma cells and macrophages. Myocarditis was marked and was characterized by degeneration of myocardial fibers with decreases in mitochondria1 size and myofibril contents and fragmentation of some degenerating fibers, and was accompanied by accumulation of inflammatory cells including lymphocytes, transformed lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages between the myocardial fibers. Renal lesions consisted of severe glomerulonephritis characterized by deposition of electron dense material along the basement membrane and in the mesangium of the glomerular tufts, and less frequently beneath the basement membrane and visceral epithelium of the Bowman's capsule and within the peritubular vessels. Neutrophils with fewer macrophages and lymphocytes invaded the glomeruli. The glomerular capillaries and Bowman's space were obliterated partially by these changes. Inflammatory cells similar to those observed in the heart accumulated in the peritubular vascular channels and extravascularly between the tubules and glomeruli.
Measurements of blood and plasma volumes using 131I-albumin, and of red cell volume using 51Cr in goats and sheep infected with Trypanosoma vivax for 1 to 2 months (at which time the anaemia was severe) showed statistically significant increases in blood volume (29 per cent and 57 per cent) and plasma volume (44 per cent and 59 per cent), and decreases in red cell volume per kilogram body weight (49 per cent and 50 per cent) in goats and sheep respectively. Total serum proteins and gamma globulins increased, while serum albumin decreased, in T. vivax infected sheep and goats. These findings indicate that the anaemia manifested, with mean packed cell volume decreased by 60 per cent and 47 per cent in goats and sheep respectively at the time of red cell volume measurements, is attributable partly to haemodilution and partly to an actual decrease in total volume oc circulating red blood cells.
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