[1] We give an alternative description of the data produced in the KamLAND experiment. Assuming the existence of a natural nuclear reactor on the boundary of the liquid and solid phases of the Earth's core, a geoantineutrino spectrum is obtained. This assumption is based on the experimental results of V. Anisichkin and his collaborators on the interaction of uranium dioxide and uranium carbide with iron-nickel and silica-alumina melts at high pressure (5-10 GPa) and temperature (1600-2200°C), which led to the proposal of the existence of an actinide shell in the Earth's core. We describe the operating mechanism of this reactor as solitary waves of nuclear burning in 238 U and/or 232 Th medium, in particular, as neutron fission progressive waves of Feoktistov and/or Teller et al. type. Next, we propose a simplified model for the accumulation and burn-up kinetics in Feoktistov's U-Pu fuel cycle. We also apply this model for numerical simulations of neutron fission wave in a two-phase UO 2 /Fe medium on the surface of the Earth's solid core. The proposed georeactor model offers a mechanism for the generation of

Die Chlorierung von Hexachlor‐p‐xylol (I) mit gasförmigem Chlor in Chlorsulfonsäure in Gegenwart von 5% Iod ergibt bei einer Reaktionstemperatur von 30°C eine 85%ige Ausbeute an Tetrachlorterephthalsäuredichlorid (II).

A simplified system of equations is used to investigate the properties of autowaves of slow nuclear burn, which under certain circumstances can propagate in a medium containing 238 U (or 232 Th). It is shown that the reactor spectrum and the presence of other substances in the medium which determine the critical concentration of plutonium (or 233 U) affect the appearance of a wave.The innovative designs of nuclear reactors that the world community has been scrutinizing in the last few years are oriented toward increasing safety and improving the fuel cycle -the possibility of burning transuranium elements and using the enormous stores of 238 U and 232 Th. We believe that a reactor based on the appearance of a slow wave of nuclear combustion in a medium consisting of pure 238 U solves both problems -nuclear safety and 238 U utilization, but only if it can be built. It is shown in [1] that a neutron-fission wave can propagate in a 238 U medium under certain conditions. Indeed, if the half-space filled with a substance containing uranium is irradiated with neutrons, plutonium will accumulate near the surface. In time, the plutonium concentration can reach a critical level and then the system can be capable of self-multiplication. The neutrons flying out of the reaction zone are trapped by the next layers of uranium. Plutonium also accumulates in these layers. Under certain conditions, the active zone moves and the plutonium accumulates in subsequent layers. As a result, there arises a stationary wave on whose front uranium is reprocessed into plutonium as a result of neutron fission.It was stated in [2, 3] that the realization of such a regime in a reactor will make the reactor inherently safe. A concept of a fast reactor operating in a self-regulated regime 100 m underground for 30 yr without any direct participation by humans is presented in [4]. The operation of such a reactor is safe. New models oriented toward the development of an advanced fast reactor are proposed in [5,6]. It is shown by means of mathematical simulation that the period of a reactor operating in the self-regulated regime reaches 11 days, while the period for ordinary reactors is several minutes (the period of a rector is the time over which the power increases by a factor of e). A model of a reactor burning metallic fuel is proposed in [3], and it is shown that in the absence of control the power of the reactor changes by 2.5% over 2 yr. Even though the authors of [3, 5, 6] refer to [1] an autowave of plutonium fission does not form in their works and the reactors studied which they study are not stationary, since without regulation their power changes in time. This could be due to geometric effects or the choice of the initial condition. At the same time, the autowave regime is the most interesting one. For this reason, the conditions under which it arises should be analyzed first on the basis of simplified equations and then using more realistic mathematical models.

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On the basis of the quantum theory of diffusion the influence of crystal lattice excitations (ultrasonic, nuclear irradiation) on the diffusion of impurity atoms is analysed. The effects considered in the paper are determined by two factors: the change of population of the impurity oscillator levels due to interaction with nonequilibrium excitations of the crystal lattice, and the change of the probability of diffusion transitions on the given level. The effects are qualitatively different for heavy impurity atoms whose diffusion is enhanced in nonequilibrium conditions and for light impurity atoms for which the effect of additional localization is possible. Ha OCHOBC KBaHTOBOfi ,4M@$Y3HH IIpOBeAeH aHaJIA3 BJIHRHHX B o 3 6 y~~e H~f i KpHCTaJIJIHYeCKOfi PeIIICTKA (yJIhTpa3ByK, XAepHOe 0 6 n y s e~~e ) Ha ,4A@$Y3HK) IIpHMKHhIX BTOMOB. PaCcMOTpeHHbIe B pa6OTe 3@$eKTbl OIIpeAeJIXIoTCX AByMR @KTOpaMA: A3MeHeHHeM 3aceJIeHHOCTefi YpOBHefi npMMeCHOr0 OCqHJIJIRTOpa, 6naronap~ B3aHMOnefiCTBHW C HePaBHOBeCHhlMA KOJIe6aHHRMA KpHCTaJIJIAYecKOfi PeIIIeTKH, H A3MeHeHHeM BepOXTHOCTA nH@$y3AOHHOrO IIepeXOna IIO AaHHOMY YPOBHIO. 3@@KTbI

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The influence of the nonadiabaticity of interstitial motion on the quantum underbarrier diffusion is discussed. The wave functions of crystals with an impurity, localized ininitial and final positions, are obtained and used for the calculation of the probability of interstitial transitions from one interstitial to another per unit time. The temperature dependence of this transition probability is analysed, taking into account the nonadiabaticity of impurity motion and the deviation from the Condon approximation which is used for the calculation of transition matrix elements.Der nichtadiabatische EinfluB der Zwischengitterplatzwanderung auf die UnterbarrierenQuantendiffusion wird diskutiert. Die Wellenfunktionen des Kristalls mit einer Storstelle in der Anfangs-und Endlage werden erhalten und fur die Berechnung der Wahrscheinlichkeit von Zwischengitterplatzubergiingen von einem Zwischengitterplatz zum anderen pro Zeiteinheit benutzt. Die Temperaturabhiingigkeit dieser Vbergangswahrscheinlichkeit wird analysiert, wobei die nichtadiabatische Storstellenwanderung sowie die Abweichung von der Condon-Niiherung, die fur die Berechnung der Vbergangsmatrixelemente benutzt wird, berucksichtigt werden.