The aim of the investigation was to study the efficiency of determining indices of free radical and peroxide processes in the oral fluid in highly qualified athletes under anaerobic interval exercise for the assessment of their functional state.Materials and Methods. 23 highly qualified athletes at the age of 18.7±0.6 years participated in the study. The following methods were used to investigate homeostasis indices: induced biochemiluminescence, determination of primary and end lipid peroxidation product content according to a modified Volchegorsky method, enzymatic colorimetric method of measuring the concentration of creatinine, lactate, glucose and free fatty acids, enzymatic kinetic method of determining the quantitative activity of creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase in the oral fluid.Results. Anaerobic interval exercise is estimated to initiate increase of lactate dehydrogenase activity and lactate concentration, reduction of all parameters of chemiluminescence reaction curve, and elevation of the content of trien conjugates and Schiff bases in the oral fluid of highly qualified athletes.Conclusion. The study of free radical oxidation indices as well as the content of primary and end products of lipid peroxidation is an available, highly informative method of examining the functional state, adaptive mechanisms, and spare capacities of athletes at all stages of training and competitive processes.
Various stress procedures (swimming, hypobaric hypoxia, and exotoxin administration) induced similar changes in electrophoretic mobility of rat erythrocytes. The degree and directionality of phasic changes in electrophoretic mobility depended on the concentration of stress hormones.
It is shown that exposure of rat erythrocytes to low doses of ionizing radiation (0.04, 0.08, 0.16, 0.25, and 0.33 mGy) leads to nonlinear changes in lipid peroxidation processes in the membrane of erythro cytes, their electrophoretic mobility, and osmotic resistance. Ionizing radiation in the dose range from 0.08 to 0.16 mGy apparently triggers apoptosis, leading to deceleration of hemolysis and stabilization of erythro cytes, which was confirmed by morphological changes in erythrocytes.
Preventive and therapeutic intraventricular administration of ubiquinone-10 to male rats with epinephrine-induced myocarditis increased the rate of oxidative phosphorylation, elevated the content of ATP, and inhibited lipid peroxidation in ischemic myocardium.
The effects of the endogenous paraopioid FMRFa and FMRFa-like peptides are compared upon reanimation of rats after clinical death caused by acute hemorrhage. It is found that FMRFa restores cardiohemodynamics and respiratory function more effectively than RFa and RFx2HC1. The nonpeptide opioid antagonist naloxone does not alleviate the effects of acute hemorrhage. It is assumed that the reanimating effect of the studied peptides is realized via mechanisms that are not associated with opiates.
Key Words: reanimation; paraopioid peptides; naloxoneWhen used in shock of various etiologies, opiate receptor blockers (specifically, naloxone) normalize the autonomous functions, particularly in the early stages of shock [2,3,6,8]. In rats exposed to hypoxic shock, the paraopioid tetrapeptide Phe-Met-ArgPhe-NH 2 (FMRF-amide or FMRFa), which is probably an endogenous opiate antagonist, produces an effect similar to that of naloxone but much more potent [1]. This effect may be due to the pronounced hypertensive and cardiostimulating activity of FMRFa-like peptides [5].Our objective was to compare the effects of FMRFa-like peptides and naloxone in a model of clinical death brought about by acute hemorrhage.
MATERIALS AND METHODSExperiments were performed on 33 outbred female albino rats (180-220 g) under Nembutal anesthesia (40 mg/kg intraperitoneally). A tracheotomy tube was inserted in the trachea and hooked up to an assisted ventilation apparatus. Acute hemorrhage was modeled by draining the blood via a catheter in the common carotid artery 2 min after intraarterial inNizhny Novgorod State University; M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University jection of 500 U/kg heparin. Blood was collected in a graduated cylinder. FMRFa, RFa, RFx2HC1, or naloxone were added in a dose of 0.5 mg/kg to the collected blood of experimental rats; an equivalent volume of normal saline (0.5 ml) was added to the blood of control rats. Clinical death from acute blood loss lasted 10 min from the cessation of respiration, after which the rats were reanimated. For this purpose blood was delivered via an intraarterial catheter, artificial ventilation was begun, and, if necessary, direct heart massage was performed. The autonomous functions were assessed from the heart rate (HR), respiration rate (RR), and mean blood pressure (MBP) recorded by standard methods throughout the experiment. The survival rate was also taken into account. The results were analyzed using the standard nonparametric tests.
RESULTSBy the 10th min of reanimation, HR and MBP in half of the control rats were 22.5 and 24.5% of the baseline values, respectively (Fig. 1, Table 1). The other rats developed uncontrolled fibrillation in response to reinfusion of heparinized blood with normal saline. Spontaneous respiration was not restored. All control rats died by the 40th min of re-
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