In the production of starch products from corn grain, a number of valuable byproducts are obtained, the bulk of which are pulp, corn extract, crushed corn grain and oilcake. By-products of starch production in the feeding rations of farm animals are mainly used as separate components, which reduces the effectiveness of their use. It is most advisable to feed them in the form of a dry mixture as concentrated corn feed, which is proposed to be cooked in a spiral mixer. The design and technological scheme of the mixer should include a framework with a spiral installed in it, one end of which is fixed to the eccentric of the leading pin and the other to the driven pin of the feed change mechanism with the possibility of horizontal movement. To justify the design and technological parameters and rational operating modes of the mixer, theoretical, laboratory and production tests were performed, their results are presented. Based on the data obtained, the parameters and operating modes of the spiral mixer are substantiated. As a result of production tests, the developed mixer, used in the processing lines for the preparation of crumbly and granular feed, confirmed its operability
In processing lines for the manufacturing of concentrated feed for farm animals, there is often an issue of operations coordination of machines according to their performance. Particularly, when delivering feed components to the mixer, it is essential to consider the performance of the dispenser distributing each of them. The productivity of the dispenser has to be no higher than the productivity of the mixer. In given article we have provided an example of calculating the theoretical performance of a gravity dispenser in a truncated cone-shaped hopper with dampers in the lower part. Calculations let us conclude that the main element affecting the productivity of the dispenser is the radius of the hopper outlet, since it is included in the formula in the second degree.
A rational technology for cows’ machine milking when tie-up housing should provide for the development of technical equipment that meets the physiological requirements for a dairy cow and ensure complete and safe milking. In this regard, the task of determining and refining certain parameters of the physical-mechanical characteristics of the mammary gland of a cow becomes urgent. When choosing the rational mass of the suspended part of the vacuum milking machine, one should know the pressure transmitted by the teat cup liner to the body of the nipple of the animal when milking, which makes possible to establish the obtained analytical formula. It was found that the higher the deflection of the walls of the stretched teat cup liner, the higher the pressure caused by it on the nipple of the cow’s udder. Analysis of the distribution of diameters and lengths of the nipples of the mammary gland of cows showed that their sizes vary in wide ranges. Elongations of nipples depend nonlinearly on the acting tension, and the values of the elastic modulus and the transverse strain coefficient vary over a wide range.
Overexposure of the milking machines on the udder of the animal causes a negative effect on the mammary gland, which leads to illness and culling of cows. In this regard, during machine milking, it is necessary not only to ensure the complete milking of animals, but also to remove the teat cups from the udder in a timely manner. In order to solve this problem, the authors have developed a device for automatically removing the hanging part of the milking machine after milking. This device includes an air motor, a reducer and a flexible filament cylinder. In a theoretical consideration of the working process of removing the hanging part of the milking machine, analytical dependencies were obtained which make it possible to determine the airflow rate of the pneumatic motor, depending on its geometric dimensions, the rotor speed, the number of installed blades and the value of the working vacuum. It was found that with an increase in the above parameters, the air consumption increases. Also, expressions have been obtained that allow setting the required power on the cylinder of the device and its rotation frequency to ensure automatic removal of the hanging part of the milking machine at any time, excluding its hitting the floor of the stall.
Получено нелинейное дифференциальное уравнение второго порядка, описывающее вынужденные колебания в доильном аппарате. Приведены приближенные аналитические решения полученных дифференциальных уравнений.
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